Unit 3: Greece Flashcards
Greek mythology is __________ because they worship many gods.
polytheistic
Zeus
King of the gods, thunder and lighting
Hera
Zeus’s wife, marriage and family
Apollo
Sun and music
Artemis
moon and hunt
Athena
wisdom and war
Aphrodite
love and beauty
How did people in ancient Greece become slaves?
- by being captured as prisoners of war
- by being born to enslaved parents
- by failing to repay their loans and debts
Which citizens in ancient Greece had political rights?
free adult males
How did the Athenian government evolve? (Which type of gov’t did they have first and then how did it change?)
- Monarchy (rule by a king)
- Aristocracy (rule by the privileged)
- Tyranny- rule by a dictator
- Democracy- rule by the people
What were the important principles of Democracy in Athens?
- Direct democracy
- Public debate
- Duties of the citizen
What type of government did Sparta have?
Oligarchy (rule by a small group)
What are characteristics to describe Spartan society?
- Militaristic
- Aggressive
- Rigid social structure
When was the Persian War?
499–449 B.C.E.
Who fought in the Persian War?
Persian wars united Athens and Sparta against the Persian Empire
Which two victories left the Greeks in control of the Aegean Sea?
Marathon and Salamis
Who was Pericles?
Athenian statesman who extended democracy so most adult males had an equal voice AND had Athens rebuilt after destruction in the Persian Wars; the Parthenon is an example of this reconstruction.
When were the Peloponnesian Wars?
431–404 B.C.E.
Who fought in the Peloponnesian War?
Athens- Delian League v. Sparta- Peloponnesian League
What happened during the Peloponnesian War?
Caused in part by competition for control of the Greek world between Athens and Sparta; Weakened both Athens and Sparta, setting the stage for Macedonian conquests of Greece and the end of Greek democracy
Who first conquered the Greeks?
Phillip of Macedonia (Alexandra’s fathers)
Who’s empire stretched Greece to western India and into Egypt and the Near East spreading Hellenistic (Greek) culture?
Alexander the Great
Greek Contributors- Drama
Aeschylus, Sophocles
Greek poet who wrote the Iliad and the Odyssey
Homer
Greek Contributors- History
Herodotus, Thucydides
Greek Contributor- Sculpture
Phidias
Greek Contributors- Science
Archimedes, Hippocrates
Greek Contributors- Math
Euclid, Pythagoras
Greek Contributors- Philosophy
Socrates, Plato, Aristotle
