Unit 4 Review Flashcards
Scientific study of how we think about, influence and relate to one another
Social Psychology
A conclusion about the cause of an observed behavior/event
Attribution
_______ attribution
Ex. external factors such as peer pressure
Situational
_______ attribution
Ex. Internal factors such as stable, enduring traits, personality, ability, emotions
Dispositional
When we explain others’ behavior, we tend to overemphasize dispositional attribution and underemphasize situational attribution
Fundamental Attribution Error
When we explain our own behavior, we tend to focus on the role of situational factors
Actor-Observer Effect
We tend to blame the situation for our failures although we take personal credit for successes
Self-Serving Bias
Protect self-esteem
Motivational explanation
Giving priority to the goals of one’s group (often one’s extended family and work group and defining one’s identity accordingly
Collectivism
Feelings, ideas, and beliefs that affect how we approach and react to other people, objects, and events
Attitude
Consisting of your emotional reactions toward the attitude object
Affect
Consisting of your actions or observable behavior toward the attitude object
Behavior
Consisting of your thoughts and beliefs about the attitude object
Cognition
Going directly through the rational mind, influencing attitudes with evidence and logic
Central route persuasion
Changing attitudes by going around the rational mind and appealing to fears, desires and associations
Peripheral route persuasion
Tendency to be more likely to agree to a large request after agreeing to a smaller one
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
A set of expectations about a social position, defining how those in the position ought to behave
Role
When our attitudes are not in harmony with our actions
Cognitive Dissonance
Refers to adjusting our behavior or thinking to fit win with a group standard
Conformity
Some mimicry not by choice, but automatic (Chameleon Effect) Ex. contagious yawning
Automatic Mimicry
Correct or normal way to behave or think in a group
Social Norms
Going along with others in pursuit of social approval or belonging
Normative Social Influence
Going along with others because their ideas and behavior make sense, the evidence in out social environment changes our minds
Informational social influence
Behavior with the intent of harming another person, physically, verbally or relationally
Aggression
Frustration occurs when we are blocked from attaining a goal
After repeated frustrating events, anger can build, and trigger a readiness to aggress
Aggression can erupt, possibly against someone who was not the initial cause of the frustration (scape goat)
Frustration-Agression Principle
Culturally constructed directions on how to act
Social Scripts
Unjustified (usually negative) attitude toward a group (and its members)
Prejudice (A)
Unjustified behavior selectively applied to members of a group
Discrimination (B)
Generalized belief about a group, applied to every member of a group
Stereotype (C)
Attitudes that we consciously endorse and can easily report
Explicit (conscious) attitude
Attitudes that are involuntary, uncontrollable, and at times unconscious
Implicit (automatic) attitude
Patterns of thoughts, feelings, or actions that are deviant, distressful and dysfunctional
Psychological disorders
State of mental or behavioral ill health
Disorder
Differing from the norm
Deviant
Symptoms must be sufficiently sever to interfere with one’s life and well-being
Distressful and Dysfunctional
Appearance by age 7 of on or more of three key symptoms: Extreme inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity
Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Psychological disorders seen as psychopathy (an illness of the mind)
Includes processes of Etiology, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prognosis
The Medical Model
Mental disorders arise in interaction between nature and nurture
Caused by biology, thoughts and the sociocultural environment
The Biopsychosocial Approach
Verbal shorthand for referring to a list of associated symptoms
Diagnoses
Our self-protective, risk-reduction instincts in overdrive
Anxiety
Emotional-cognitive symptoms include worrying or having anxious feelings and thoughts about many subjects.
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Not just an anxiety attack, includes: many minutes of dread or terror, chest pains, choking, numbness or other frightening physical sensations, need to escape
Panic Attack
Repeated and unexpected panic attacks, fear of next attack, change in behavior to avoid attacks
Panic Disorder
Uncontrollable, irrational, intense desire to avoid the some object or situation
Phobia
Intense, unwanted worries, ideas and images that repeatedly pop up in the mind
Obsession
A repeatedly strong feeling of needing to carry out an action, even though it doesn’t feel like it makes sense
Compulsion
Repeated, intrusive recall of past memories
Post-traumatic Stress Disorder
Polar opposite moods
Bipolar Disorder
Period of hyper-elevated mood
Mania
The mind is split from reality
Schizophrenia
Mental split from reality and rationality
Psychosis
Separation of conscious awareness from thoughts, memory, bodily sensations, feelings, or even from identity
Dissociation
Exhibits distinct symptoms, not present in consciousness at the same time
Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)
Acting impulsively or fearlessly without regard for others’ needs and feelings
Antisocial Personality Disorder
Compulsion to lose weight; coupled with certainty about being fat despite being 15% or more underweight
Anorexia Nervosa disorder
Compulsion to binge; followed by purge
Bulimia Nervosa disorder
Compulsion to binge; followed by guilt or depression
Binge-eating disorder
Interactive experience with a trained professional, working on understanding and changing behavior, thinking, relationships, and emotions
Psychotherapy
