Exam 4 Quiz Questions Flashcards
Marilyn judges her professor’s strict class attendance policy to be an indication of his overcontrolling personality rather than a necessity dictated by the limited number of class sessions in a course that meets only once a week. Her judgment best illustrates
A. the mere exposure effect.
B. group polarization.
C. deindividuation.
D. the fundamental attribution error.
D. the fundamental attribution error
Bart complied with his friends’ request to join them in smashing decorative pumpkins early one Halloween evening. Later that night, he was surprised by his own failure to resist their pressures to throw eggs at passing police cars. Bart’s experience best illustrates the
A. bystander effect.
B. foot-in-the-door phenomenon.
C. fundamental attribution error.
D. frustration-aggression principle.
B. foot-in-door phenomenon
Caitlin concluded that her husband was late for dinner because he was caught in heavy traffic. Her conclusion best illustrates
A. deindividuation.
B. the bystander effect.
C. a situational attribution.
D. the reciprocity norm.
C. a situational attribution
The fundamental attribution error involves
A. becoming more extreme in one’s individual opinions following group discussion.
B. performing a complex task more poorly when in the presence of others.
C. underestimating situational constraints on another’s behavior.
D. losing self-restraint in group situations that foster anonymity.
C. underestimating situational constraints on another’s behavior
The participants in Philip Zimbardo’s simulated prison study
A. were assigned the roles of prisoner or guard on the basis of their personality test scores.
B. found it very difficult to play the role of prison guard.
C. were so endangered by their role-playing experience that the study was discontinued.
D. became a cohesive unit when they pursued superordinate goals.
C. were so endangered by their role-playing experience that the study was discontinued
Professor Stewart wrote a very positive letter of recommendation for a student despite having doubts about her competence. Which theory best explains why he subsequently began to develop more favorable attitudes about the student’s abilities?
A. cognitive dissonance theory
B. scapegoat theory
C. two-factor theory
D. equity theory
A. cognitive dissonance theory
If a cluster of people stand gazing upward, passersby will often pause to do likewise. This best illustrates
A. the mere exposure effect.
B. the bystander effect.
C. social loafing.
D. the chameleon effect.
D. the chameleon effect
Participants in Milgram’s obedience experiments were informed that they were involved in a study of
A. aggression.
B. altruism.
C. learning.
D. visual perception.
C. learning
Using the Asch procedure, conformity to group judgments would be LEAST likely when
A. participants announce their own answers only after the other group members have done so.
B. participants are not observed by other group members when giving their answers.
C. it is very difficult to make correct judgments.
D. judgments are made in a group that has more than three people.
B. participants are not observed by other group members when giving their answers
Groupthink is fueled by a desire for
A. self-disclosure.
B. harmony.
C. minority influence.
D. cognitive dissonance.
B. Harmony
In making wedding preparations, Jason conforms to the expectations of his future bride’s family simply to win their favor. His behavior illustrates the importance of
A. social facilitation.
B. normative social influence.
C. mirror-image perceptions.
D. the mere exposure effect.
B. normative social influence
When a group of racially prejudiced high school students discussed racial issues, their attitudes became even more prejudiced. This best illustrates
A. group polarization.
B. the bystander effect.
C. social facilitation.
D. deindividuation.
A. group polarization
A store owner charges Black customers more than Hispanic customers for the very same merchandise. The owner is most clearly engaging in
A. deindividuation.
B. stereotyping.
C. group polarization.
D. discrimination.
D. discrimination
Alexis is socially withdrawn and has few close friends. This behavior is most likely to be diagnosed as a symptom of psychological disorder if it is
A. also noticeable in other members of her family.
B. preventing her from functioning effectively.
C. not caused by a biological disorder.
D. difficult for her to change.
B. preventing her from functioning effectively
Although Adderall is a ________ drug, it is commonly used in the treatment of ________.
A. stimulant; PTSD
B. stimulant; ADHD
C. depressant; PTSD
D. depressant; ADHD
B. stimulant; ADHD
At one time, disordered people were simply warehoused in asylums. These were replaced with psychiatric hospitals in which attempts were made to diagnose and cure those with psychological disorders. This best illustrates one of the beneficial consequences of
A. psychoanalytic theory.
B. the DSM-IV-TR.
C. the medical model.
D. linkage analysis.
C. The medical model
A current authoritative scheme for classifying psychological disorders is known as the
A. DID.
B. medical model.
C. DSM-IV-TR.
D. biopsychosocial approach.
C. DSM-IV-TR.
Ongoing patterns of behavior that interfere with normal day-to-day life are best characterized as
A. deviant.
B. antisocial.
C. dysfunctional.
D. catatonic.
C. dysfunctional
An integrated understanding of psychological disorders in terms of stressful memories, evolutionary processes, and gender roles is most clearly provided by
A. linkage analysis.
B. a biopsychosocial approach.
C. the medical model.
D. the learning perspective.
B. a biopsychosocial approach
Mrs. Swift is alarmed by her own intrusive and irrational thoughts that her house is contaminated by germs. Her experience best illustrates the agitating effects of
A. mania.
B. an obsession.
C. agoraphobia.
D. panic disorder.
B. an obsession
Years after he barely survived a terrorist attack that killed his wife and two children, Mr. Puskari suffers recurring flashbacks and frequent nightmares of the event that render him incapable of holding a steady job. Mr. Puskari is most clearly showing signs of
A. obsessive-compulsive disorder.
B. generalized anxiety disorder.
C. post-traumatic stress disorder.
D. panic disorder.
C. post-traumatic stress disorder.
Symptoms that may be misperceived as a heart attack are most characteristic of
A. bipolar disorder.
B. panic disorder.
C. post-traumatic stress disorder.
D. obsessive-compulsive disorder.
B. panic disorder
Although Mark realizes that his behavior is unreasonable, he is so alarmed by high bridges or expressway overpasses that he avoids them by taking an unnecessarily lengthy route to and from work each day. Mark appears to suffer from
A. obsessive-compulsive disorder.
B. post-traumatic stress disorder.
C. a phobia.
D. generalized anxiety disorder.
C. a phobia
Without success, Maxine spends hours each day trying to suppress intrusive thoughts that she might have forgotten to lock her house when she left for work. Her experience is most symptomatic of
A. panic disorder.
B. obsessive-compulsive disorder.
C. generalized anxiety disorder.
D. a histrionic personality disorder.
B. obsessive-compulsive disorder.
A therapist suggests that Mr. Broshi continues to bite his fingernails because this behavior often reduced his feelings of anxiety in the past. The therapist’s suggestion most clearly reflects a ________ perspective.
A. biological
B. humanistic
C. psychoanalytic
D. learning
D. learning
Elaine feels that her life is empty, has lost all interest in her career and hobbies, and wonders if she would be better off dead. She is most likely suffering from
A. seasonal affective disorder.
B. antisocial personality disorder.
C. major depressive disorder.
D. anxiety disorder.
C. major depressive disorder
An overabundance of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine is most likely to be associated with
A. a manic episode.
B. schizophrenia.
C. a dissociative disorder.
D. antisocial personality disorder.
A. a manic episode
Inanna suffers from chronic depression. According to the social-cognitive perspective, how is she most likely to respond when told that she performed very poorly on a test she took the previous day?
A. “I’m academically incompetent and always will be.”
B. “Yesterday was just my unlucky day.”
C. “I suspect that none of the students in my class did well on that test.”
D. “Hardly any of the professors are effective teachers.”
A. “I’m academically incompetent and always will be.”
Major depressive disorder is said to occur when signs of depression last at least
A. one week.
B. two weeks.
C. two months.
D. four months.
B. two weeks
Mr. Hoffman has always been cautious with his money, but over the past two weeks he has developed grandiose plans to bet his entire life savings on a single horse race. With unrestrained exuberance he has also been giving everybody he sees unsolicited advice on how to make millions in the stock market. Mr. Hoffman’s behavior is most indicative of
A. obsessive-compulsive disorder.
B. antisocial personality disorder.
C. mania.
D. panic disorder.
C. mania
Which of the following has been shown to be a risk factor for future suicide attempts?
A. OCD
B. PTSD
C. DID
D. NSSI
D. NSSI
Which of the following best illustrates a negative symptom of schizophrenia?
A. hallucinations
B. delusions
C. social withdrawal
D. inappropriate rage
C. social withdrawl
Catatonia is characterized by
A. periods of immobility or excessive, purposeless movement.
B. offensive and unwanted thoughts that persistently preoccupy a person.
C. hyperactive, wildly optimistic states of emotion.
D. delusions of persecution.
A. periods of immobility or excessive, purposeless movement.
Mrs. Higgins believes that aliens from another planet have removed her stomach and are watching her to see how long it takes her to grow another one. Mrs. Higgins is most likely suffering from
A. agoraphobia.
B. bipolar disorder.
C. schizophrenia.
D. dissociative identity disorder.
C. schizophrenia.
Michael complains that threatening voices are constantly telling him that he is so evil he should drown himself. Michael is experiencing
A. a panic attack.
B. catatonia.
C. flat affect.
D. hallucinations.
D. hallucinations
The chances for recovery from schizophrenia are considered to be greatest when the disorder develops
A. rapidly in response to a stressful life situation.
B. slowly over a period of years.
C. in reaction to abnormalities in brain chemistry.
D. during adolescence or early adulthood.
A. rapidly in response to a stressful life situation.
Oxygen deprivation at the time of birth is a known risk factor for
A. panic disorder.
B. schizophrenia.
C. bipolar disorder.
D. obsessive-compulsive disorder.
B. schizophrenia.
College students were asked to pretend that they were accused murderers. Under hypnosis, they typically expressed a second personality when prompted to do so by the examining psychiatrist. This most strongly suggests that dissociative identity disorder may involve
A. low self-esteem.
B. unconscious fear.
C. a negative explanatory style.
D. role playing.
D. role playing
Kyle is extremely manipulative and can look anyone in the eye and lie convincingly. His deceit often endangers the safety and well-being of those around him, but he is indifferent to any suffering they might experience as a result of his actions. His behavior best illustrates
A. schizophrenia.
B. dissociative identity disorder.
C. obsessive-compulsive disorder.
D. antisocial personality disorder.
D. antisocial personality disorder
The major characteristic of dissociative disorders is a disturbance of
A. mood.
B. appetite.
C. memory.
D. perception.
C. memory
The suggestion that dissociative identity disorder symptoms are created as defenses against the anxiety caused by one’s own unacceptable impulses best illustrates the
A. psychodynamic perspective.
B. biopsychosocial approach.
C. medical model.
D. social-cognitive perspective.
A. psychodynamic perspective
A schizoid personality disorder is most likely to be characterized by
A. emotionless disengagement.
B. shallow, attention-getting emotional displays.
C. a sense of self-importance.
D. a fear of social rejection.
A. emotionless disengagement
Lindsey is extremely afraid of becoming obese even though she is underweight. She often checks her body in the mirror for any signs of fat and refuses to eat most foods because she insists they are fatty or high in calories. Lindsey most clearly demonstrates symptoms of
A. bulimia nervosa.
B. agoraphobia.
C. anorexia nervosa.
D. panic disorder.
C. anorexia nervosa
Classical psychoanalysts were especially interested in
A. encouraging patients to carefully observe the consequences of their maladaptive behaviors.
B. minimizing the possibility that patients would experience anxiety during therapy.
C. discouraging patients from using antianxiety or antidepressant drugs.
D. interpreting the meaning of patients’ resistance to therapeutic procedures.
D. interpreting the meaning of patients’ resistance to therapeutic procedures.
A therapist helps Rebecca overcome her fear of water by getting her to swim in the family’s backyard pool three times a day for two consecutive weeks. The therapist’s approach to helping Rebecca best illustrates
A. stress inoculation training.
B. aversive conditioning.
C. exposure therapy.
D. EMDR.
C. Exposure therapy
Systematic desensitization is a form of
A. aversive conditioning.
B. exposure therapy.
C. stress inoculation training.
D. electroconvulsive therapy.
B. Exposure therapy
Cognitive therapists are most likely to
A. focus special attention on clients’ positive and negative feelings about their therapists.
B. employ personality tests to accurately diagnose their clients’ difficulties.
C. emphasize the importance of clients’ personal interpretations of life events.
D. systematically associate clients’ undesirable behaviors with unpleasant experiences.
C. emphasize the importance of clients’ personal interpretations of life events.
To help Adam reduce his fear of dogs, a therapist encourages him to physically relax and then simply imagine that he is walking toward a friendly and harmless little dog. The therapist’s technique best illustrates
A. psychodynamic therapy.
B. operant conditioning.
C. stress inoculation training.
D. systematic desensitization.
D. systematic desensitization
Nancy’s therapist encourages her to think about her strengths rather than her weaknesses and to develop a habit of thanking others when they compliment her or provide emotional support. The therapist’s approach best illustrates
A. psychoanalysis.
B. client-centered therapy.
C. cognitive-behavioral therapy.
D. virtual reality exposure therapy.
C. cognitive-behavioral therapy.
Tardive dykinesia is associated with the long-term use of certain ________ drugs.
A. antianxiety
B. antipsychotic
C. antidepressant
D. mood-stabilizing
B. antipsychotic
Which of the following individuals is most likely to benefit from lithium?
A. Olivia, who experiences delusions and auditory hallucinations
B. Landon, who experiences a generalized sense of apprehension and anxiety
C. Miranda, who experiences periods of extreme sadness followed by episodes of optimistic overexcitement
D. Ivan, who experiences sudden brief episodes of intense dread and panic
C. Miranda, who experiences periods of extreme sadness followed by episodes of optimistic overexcitement
If a patient suffers uncontrollable seizures, physicians can destroy specific nerve clusters that cause or transmit the convulsions. This best illustrates a procedure known as
A. rTMS.
B. psychosurgery.
C. systematic desensitization.
D. electroconvulsive therapy.
B. psychosurgery
Which of the following drugs is most likely to provide schizophrenia patients with some relief from their auditory hallucinations and paranoia?
A. Thorazine
B. Xanax
C. lithium
D. Prozac
A. Thorazine
Which of the following is a selective-serotonin-reuptake-inhibitor?
A. Xanax
B. Prozac
C. lithium
D. Thorazine
B. Prozac
Considering the greatest range of factors that may contribute to the process of healing is most clearly facilitated by a ________ approach to therapy.
A. biomedical
B. psychodynamic
C. biopsychosocial
D. client-centered
C. biopsychosocial
