Exam 2 Review Flashcards
Mark believes that choosing to violate government laws is morally justifiable if it is done to protect the lives of innocent people. Kohlberg would suggest that this illustrates \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ morality. A. Conventional B. Unconventional C. Preconventional D. Postconventional
D. Postconventional
Jessica acts so differently with her parents than with her girlfriends that she often thinks her personality is completely phony. Erik Erikson would have suggested that Jessica is experiencing A. Egocentrism B. Insecure attachment C. Role confusion D. Postconventional morality
C. Role confusion
A public initiation into adult responsibilities and status is called a A. Social clock B. Critical period C. Rite of passage D. Formal operational stage
C. Rite of passage
Today’s earlier female sexual maturation is especially likely among
A. Underweight girls in father-absent homes
B. Overweight girls in father-absent homes
C. Underweight girls in father-present homes
D. Overweight girls in father-present homes
B. Overweight girls in father-absent homes
Jarrud thinks he should obey his teachers only if they are carefully watching him. Kohlberg would suggest that Jarrud demonstrates a(n) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ morality. A. Conventional B. Unconventional C. Preconventional D. Postconventional
C. Preconventional
Research on teen social relationships indicates that most adolescents
A. Like their parents
B. Seldom experience feelings of loneliness
C. Want to avoid emotionally close relationships with peers
D. Experience positive relationships with peers and negative relationships with parents
A. Like their parents
A diminishing sense of smell is associated with the pathology that foretells A. FAS B. Pneumonia C. Alzheimer's disease D. Terminal decline
C. Alzheimer’s disease
When adults of varying ages were tested for their memory of a recently learned list of 24 words, the older adults demonstrated
A. No decline in either recall or recognition
B. A decline in recognition but not in recall
C. A decline in recall but not in recognition
D. A decline in both recognition and recall
C. A decline in recall but not in recognition
The tips of chromosomes that wear down as we age are called A. Teratogens B. Scaffolds C. Schemas D. Telomeres
D. Telomeres
A series of small strokes that progressively damage an older adult's brain is most likely to produce A. Menarche B. Dementia C. Asperger syndrome D. Alzheimer's disease
B. Dementia
According to Erikson, older adults can most effectively cope with the prospect of their own death if they have achieved a sense of A. Conventional B. Object Permanence C. Conservation D. Integrity
D. Integrity
Compared with younger adults, older adults are \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ attentive to positive news and they have \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ problems in their social relationships. A. More more B. Less fewer C. More fewer D. Less more
C. More fewer
Jaydon doesn't realize that his alcohol abuse and neglect of his family is leading to the destruction of both his family and career. A psychoanalyst would suggest that Jaydon shows signs of a A. Strong ego B. Weak id C. Strong superego D. Weak ego
D. Weak ego
Carl Jung emphasized the importance of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ in personality functioning A. Inferiority feelings B. Psychosexual stages C. the collective unconscious D. Unconditional positive regard
C. The collective unconscious
Although Alex has frequently been caught stealing money and other valuables from friends as well as strangers, he does not feel guilty or remorseful about robbing these people. Alex most clearly demonstrates A. Inferiority complex B. External locus of control C. Weak superego D. Oral fixation
C. Weak superego
According to psychoanalytical theory, boys' fear of castration is most closely associated with A. Oral fixation B. Free association C. The spotlight effect D. The Oedipus complex
D. The Oedipus complex
Bonnie is afraid to express anger at her overbearing and irritating supervisor at work, so she is critical of her children instead. A psychoanalyst would suggest that Bonnie's reaction to her children illustrates A. Identification B. Reaction formation C. Displacement D. Projection
C. Displacement
Children who have witnessed a parent's murder report memories that most clearly challenge Freud's concept of A. Erogenous zones B. Reaction formation C. Displacement D. Repression
D. Repression
After breaking up with her boyfriend, Kathy alleviated her stress by avoiding contact with her ex-boyfriend and by planning recreational activities with her best girlfriend. Kathy's behavior best illustrates A. An optimistic outlook on life B. Spontaneous remission C. A type B personality D. Emotion-focused coping
C. A type B perosnality
Aerobic exercise has been most closely linked to a decrease in A. Lymphocyte production B. Depression C. Problem-focused coping D. The production of endorphins
B. Depression
Religiously active AIDS patients _______ than do their nonreligious counterparts
A. Survive longer
B. Have more depressed moods
C. Have higher stress hormone levels
D. Exhibit fewer problem-focused coping skills
A. Survive longer
People tend to use emotion-focused coping rather than problem-focused coping when they
A. Believe they cannot change a stressful situation
B. Appraise a stressful event as a challenge rather than a threat
C. Enter the resistance phase of the general adaptation syndrome
D. Deal with the stress of daily hassles such as obnoxious cell-phone talkers
A. Believe they cannot change a stressful situation
Amanda is stressed out because she thinks she's too socially inept to make friends with her new classmates. Amanda best illustrates the debilitating effects of A. Spontaneous remission B. a Type A personality C. Problem-focused coping D. Pessimism
D. Pessimism
Aerobic exercise \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ the body's production of serotonin and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ its production of the endorphins A. Decreases decreases B. Increases increases C. Decreases increases D. Increases decreases
B. Increases increases
Abraham Maslow suggested that individuals who are open, spontaneous, and not paralyzed by others' opinions illustrate A. Extraversion B. Reaction formation C. Self-actualization D. An external locus of control
C. Self-actualization
Humanistic psychology has been most closely associated with an emphasis on the importance of A. Empirically derived tests B. Reciprocal determinism C. A positive self-concept D. An external locus of control
C. A positive self-concept
Humanistic theorists have been criticized for
A. Overestimating the impact of childhood experiences on adult personality
B. Underestimating the inconsistency of behavior from one situation to another
C. Overestimating the degree of similarity among people
D. Underestimating the inherent human capacity for destructive and evil behaviors
D. Underestimating the inherent human capacity for destructive and evil behaviors
According to Maslow, the desire for identity, meaning, and purpose beyond the self refers to the motive for A. Reciprocal determinism B. The reality principle C. Self-transcendence D. Unconditional positive regard
C. Self-transcendence
Carl Rogers emphasized that a positive self-concept is promoted by A. An external locus of control B. Unconditional positive regard C. Reciprocal determinism D. Free association
B. Unconditional positive regard
Which personality theorists have been criticized the most for encouraging individual selfishness and self-indulgence? A. Trait theorists B. Social-cognitive theorists C. Psychoanalytic theorists D. Humanistic theorists
D. Humanistic theorists
Which technique would psychologists use to assess whether a cluster of characteristics that includes ambition, determination, persistence, and self-reliance reflects a single personality trait A. Projective testing B. Factor analysis C. Empirically derived testing D. Free association
B. Factor analysis
Sarah's optimism is both a contributor to and a product of her successful career accomplishments. This best illustrates A. Self-serving bias B. Reciprocal determinism C. Unconditional positive regard D. The spotlight effect
B. Reciprocal determinism
Marcy believes that the outcome of athletic contests depends so much on luck that it hardly pays to put any effort into her own athletic training. Her belief most clearly illustrates A. the spotlight effect B. the Barnum effect C. the false consensus effect D. an external locus of control
D. an external locus of control
We can better predict driver behavior at traffic lights from knowing the color of the lights than from knowing the drivers' personalities. This best illustrates the importance of A. Collectivisim B. The spotlight effect C. Self-transcendence D. Situational influences
D. Situational influences
After experiencing prolonged and seemingly inescapable physical abuse from her husband, Kayla became increasingly depressed and hoplessly resigned to her suffering. Her reaction best illustrates A. the spotlight effect B. an Electra complex C. learned helplessness D. Defensive self-esteem
C. Learned helplessness
Card players who attribute their wins to their own skill and their losses to bad luck best illustrate A. Unconditional positive regard B. Reciprocal determinism C. The spotlight effect D. Self serving bias
D. Self serving bias
