Unit 4 review

Question 1

Name the major regions of the adult brain.

Answer 1

– Cerebrum
– Diencephalon
– Cerebellum
– Brainstem

Question 2

Name and locate the ventricles of the brain.

Answer 2

Ventricles - continuous cavities of the brain, lined with ependymal cells and filled with CSF
* Two c shaped (lateral) are in cerebrum
* Thrid is in Diencephalon
* fourth in brainstem
* each have choroniod plexus

Question 3

What is function of choroniod plexus?

Answer 3

Have penimul cells and Cirrculate CSF

Question 4

List the major lobes, fissures, and functional areas of the cerebral cortex

Answer 4

Cerebrum cortex: grey matter
1. Frontal lobe: Conscience level decesions/ Place of voulentary movement

2. parietal lobe: Touch senses
3. temporal: Hearing
4. occpital: vision
5. insula: taste

Question 5

Explain lateralization of hemisphere function.

Answer 5

Hemispheric lateralization is the idea that both hemispheres are functionally different and that certain mental processes and behaviors are mainly controlled by one hemisphere rather than the other.

Left hemisphere: analytical thinking/ math
Right hemisphere: Spacial awareness/ creativty

Question 6

Differentiate between commissures, association fibers, and projection fibers

Answer 6

commissures: White matter that connects hemispheres together.
Association fibers: White matter connection in same hemisphere
Projection fiberes: White matter connection down to spinal cord

Question 7

Describe the general function of the basal nuclei (basal ganglia).

Answer 7

Substantia Nigra - part of basal nuclei and midbrain. Produces dopamine: control movement, pleasure and pain. Degeneration causes Parkinson’s (Resting Tremors)

Major function - regulate initiation and termination of movements. regulates muscle tone required for specific body movements as well as subconscious contractions (arm swinging while walking). Also inhibits unwanted movements.

Question 8

Describe the location of the diencephalon, and name its subdivisions and functions

Answer 8

Subdivision
Thalmus: Relay center/ filters information

Hypothalmus: Controls glands/controls autonomic nerous system/ edocruim system

Epithalmus: has pineal gland/ sleep wake cycle

Question 9

Identify the three major regions of the brain stem, and note the functions of each area

Answer 9

Mostly white matter
Mid brain,Pon,Mendulla oblemgota
Used for reflex/instinct
invoulentary actions
Have red nuclei

Question 10

Describe the structure and function of the cerebellum

Answer 10

1. Folia
2. Abor vita
   Function: Fine tune movement and coordinator

Question 11

Locate the limbic system and the reticular formation, and explain the role of each functional system

Answer 11

Reticuular formation: keeps you alert. Using RAS.
Limbic system: Emotional control. two parts amygdala (fear) and Hippocampus (memory of emotion)

Question 12

Describe how meninges, cerebrospinal fluid, and the blood-brain barrier protect the CNS

Answer 12

meninges
In brain and spinal cord
Dura matter: toughest
Pia matter: Clinging to the brain (no villi)
Arachniod matter: Spider like
Villi: reabsorb Cerbral spinal fluid

blood brain barrier
Use tight junction to not allow any leakage.
Only hydrophobic can get in

Cerebrospnal fluid
water, ion, gluclose
Used for buancy

Question 13

Describe the general structure of a nerve

Question 14

ame the 12 pairs of cranial nerves; indicate the body region and structures innervated by
each.

Answer 14

1. Olfactory: Sensory smell
   2.Optic: Sensory vision
2. Oculomotor: Motor eye
3. Trochlear: motor eye
4. Trigeminal: mixed nerve
5. Abducens: motor eye
6. facial: Mixed taste/ movement
7. Vestibulocochlear: sensory hearing
8. Glossopharyngeal: tounge and throat
9. Vagus: everywhere
10. Accessory: neck
11. Hypoglossal: tounge