Unit 3 Review Video Muscles System Flashcards
What are the three types of muscle tissue
Smooth
Cardiac
Skeletal
Properties of Smooth muscle
- No striations
- Spindal shaped
- Uninuclear
Properties of Cardiac Muscle
- Striations
- Short and branching
- uninuclear
Properties of Skeletal muscle
- Striations
- Skeletal is very long
- Multinuclear
Function of Smooth muscle
Move through within the body.
Involuntary
Function of Cardiac Muscle
- Pump blood from the heart.
- Involuntary
Function of Skeletal muscle
- Move bone.
- Voluntary
- Push-pull
- posture
Layers of muscle
Whole muscle - Covered by epimysium (organ)
Fascicle - Covered by perimysium.
Muscle fibers/cells - covered by endomysium
Miofibrals - made of Sarcomeres
Sarcomeres -
Explain how the name of a muscle can help identify its action, appearance, or location
- Action: Many muscles are named based on their actions. For instance, muscles with names like “flexor,” “extensor,” “adductor,” “abductor,” “levator,” or “depressor” indicate their primary function.
- Appearance: Some muscles are named based on their appearance or characteristics. This could include factors like their size, shape, or arrangement of fibers.
For example:
“Rectus” muscles are typically straight and parallel (e.g., rectus abdominis).
“Deltoid” muscles are named after the Greek letter delta due to their triangular shape (e.g., deltoid muscle of the shoulder).
“Trapezius” muscles are named because of their trapezoid shape (e.g., trapezius muscle of the back).
- Location: The location of a muscle in the body can often be inferred from its name. Muscles may be named based on their proximity to certain bones, regions, or structures.
For example:
“Brachialis” muscles are located in the arm (brachium) region (e.g., brachialis muscle of the upper arm).
“Temporalis” muscles are situated in the temporal region of the skull (e.g., temporalis muscle of the head).
“Intercostal” muscles are located between the ribs (e.g., external intercostal muscles).
Define the terms agonist, antagonist, synergist, and fixator.
Agonist
The muscle responsible for causing a specific or desired action, also known as the prime mover
Antagonist
The opposing muscle to the agonist, which must relax and lengthen to allow contraction of the prime mover
Synergist
Muscles that contract with the prime mover to help movement
Fixator
Stabilize joints in fixed position so prime mover can exert its action
Describe the types of muscle attachments.
It attaches directly to the periosteum or uses tendon or aponeurosis.
Explore the microscopic anatomy of skeletal muscle and the specific arrangement of each element in relation to the others.
Sacolemma - membrane
T Tubule - canal-like structure voltage gates are on
Sarcoplasmic reticulum - stores calcium inside, Smooth ER
Motor neuron - above sarcolemma
Sarcomere - sit on the Sarcoplasmic reticulum
Story of the action potential of sarcolemma
- Motor neuron has synaptic vesicles in its axon terminal
- Calcium came in through voltage-gated channels and bound to vesicles.
- Tells vesicles to release acetylcholine.
- The connection between two cells is called a Neuromuscular junction.
- A small gap between neurons and sarcolemma is called synaptic cleft.
- acetylcholine. will bind to ligand-gatted channels
- Triggers Ligand gatted channels to open, causing sodium to rush in.
- Causes depolarisation went from positive outside and negative inside to negative outside positive inside.
- Causing voltage-gated channels to open, allowing even more sodium in all the way down the tubule.
- Potsium voltage-gated channels repolarize as the signals move down the membrane.
- As it moves down the T tubule, it causes the sarcoplasmic reticulum channels to open and calcium diffuses out.
What causes action potential?
Voltage-gated channels opening.
What causes graded potential
Ligand channels opening ( short term)
Define the motor unit and explain the events of a muscle Twitch.
Motor unit - skeletal muscle attached to a neuron
Twitch - a contraction and then quick relaxation
