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unit 4 quiz Flashcards

1
Q

primitive reflexes

A

reflex actions that originate in CNS and exhibited by new born

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2
Q
A

palmar réflex

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3
Q
A

asymmetrical tonic neck reflex ATNR

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4
Q
A

moro reflex

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5
Q
A

babinskis sign

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6
Q
A

gallant reflex

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7
Q
A

swimming reflex

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8
Q

who retains primitive reflexes?

A

people with atypical neurology

stroke
traumatic lesion

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9
Q

ages for body control of baby

A

2 month- head
4 month- arm
6 month- head, arm, trunk
8 month- head, arm, trunk, leg
9 month- stand
12 month- locomotion
2 year- running and walk backward
3 year- balance

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10
Q

proportion of subjects who were correctly diagnosed with the experimental test

A

(# correct dx)/(# total subjects)

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11
Q

sensitivity

A

rate of true positives

proportion of patients with target condition that have a pos test

(# injuries correctly dx)/(# true injuries) = A/(A+C)

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12
Q

what does sensitivity represent?

A

ability of test to recognize when a condition is present

indicates that a negative test is very meaningful
neg test rules out diagnosis

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13
Q

specificity

A

true negative rate

proportion of patients without target condition

(# true negs)/(all without condition) = D/(B+D)

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14
Q

what does specificity represent?

A

ability of a test to recognize when a condition is absent

indicates that a positive test is very meaningful
pos test rules in diagnosis

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15
Q

upper motor neurons

A

CNS

cell body within brain or spinal cord
ascending and descending

carry message to lower motor neuron

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16
Q

lower motor neuron

A

originate from spinal cord

innervates skeletal muscles

also known as peripheral nervous system
includes sensory and motor nerves

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17
Q

upper motor neuron vs lower motor neuron signs

reflexes

A

UMN: hyperreflexia (big reflex)
LMN: hyporeflexia (little reflex)

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18
Q

upper motor neuron vs lower motor neuron signs

muscle tone

A

UMN: increased/spastic
LMN: decreased/flaccid

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19
Q

upper motor neuron vs lower motor neuron signs

fasciculation (needle test to measure muscle activity)

A

UMN: none
LMN: present

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20
Q

upper motor neuron vs lower motor neuron signs

atrophy

A

UMN: none
LMN: severe

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21
Q

upper motor neuron vs lower motor neuron signs

babinski sign

A

UMN: present
LMN: absent

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22
Q

CVA/stroke 1 (hemorahgic)

A

vessel breaks and bleeding; causes pressure and inability of vessel to supply

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23
Q

CVA/stroke 2

A

blockage in brain; downstream cannot get oxygen

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24
Q

what causes spinal cord injury (SCI)?

A

hitting top of head or traumatic cause (like gunshot or sports)

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25
quadriplegia
loss of movement and sensation of all four limbs
26
paraplegia
loss of movement and sensation in lower half of body
27
SCI recovery
maximize what you can cannot recover CNS damage, can recover PNS
28
multiple sclerosis (MS)
characterized by exacerbation and remission demyelinating of CNS - inflammatory and scarring cause unknown
29
MS treatment goals
focus on speeding recovery maintain function with exercise immunotherapies, steroid, palliative care
30
muscular dystrophy (MD)
X related chromosomal disorder (more likely in boys) absence of dystrophin (protein responsible for muscle contraction) appears age 3-5 progressive disability- poor recovery from muscle contraction
31
myesthenia gravis
blockage of ACh receptor synapse begins, but does not allow propagation of action potential in the muscle weakening skeletal muscles; symptoms increase over day multiple sites of involvement resulting in different symptom pattern
32
what can myesthenia gravis look like?
droopy eyelid and mouth symptoms: difficulty swallowing double vision unsteady walk
33
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
"Lou Gehrig's disease" motor neuron disease; loss of motor neurons in cortex, brainstem, spinal cord UMN: spasticity, hyper-reflexia from degeneration of motor tracts in spinal cord LMN: denervation, weakness, atrophy cause unknown; affects all but eye movement
34
Guillain-barre syndrome
unknown cause (idiopathic) bacteria or viral infection? ascending paralysis symptoms start as tingling and weakness in feet respiratory failure
35
muscular dystrophies
Duchenne MD beckers MD myotonic most are boys bc X chromosome
36
anterior horn disorders
poliomyelitis motor neuron disease - amyotrophic lateral sclerosis spinal muscle atrophy (SMA) (genetic)
37
treatment for NM diseases
genetic intervention (CRISPR) pharmacology PT and OT respiratory therapy
38
PT and OT strategies for NM diseases
posture evaluate function improve core stability
39
respiratory function of NM diseases
posture low tidal volume - weakness scoliosis impaired cough airway closure
40
machines for respiratory function
negative pressure ventilation invasive respiratory support CPAP
41
causes of developmental disability
genetic conditions problems before, during, or after birth poverty, culture deprivation accident or injury drugs/alcohol
42
goals for disabled children
maximize function - cognitive, motor, sensory promote an environment for safety, learning, community integrate into society
43
disability definition
a condition which may be characterized by severe disorders in communication and behavior, resulting in limited ability to communicate, understand, learn, and participate in social relationships
44
intellectual disability
below-normal IQ (2 standard deviations below) varied ability to process info varied presentation of emotional quotient
45
syndrome
a collection of signs/symptoms that are representative of a single condition
46
types of syndromes
down syndrome fetal alcohol syndrome marfan's syndrome kleinfelter's syndrome
47
autism
inability to relate to other people delayed communication skills impaired language comprehension sensitive to sensory input, noise levels, and touch may react indifferently or with emotional outbursts difficulty dealing with changes obsessive or compulsive behavior
48
brain damage
defect of brain from injury before, during, or after birth
49
vascular injury - brain
stroke - cerebral vascular accident
50
ISCHEMIC stroke
blood flow to a portion of brain is stopped
51
HEMORRHAGIC stroke
blood vessel ruptures causing bleeding and pressure on brain structures
52
cerebral palsy
permanently disabling condition resulting from damage to developing brain which may occur before, during, or after birth and results in loss or impairment of control over voluntary muscles hemiplegia vs quadriplegia
53
traumatic brain injury (TBI)
diffuse or focal bleeding results in pressure within cranium halts development in children
54
intelligence disorders (IDs)
fetal alcohol syndrome fragile X syndrome down syndrome
55
fetal alcohol syndrome
caused by drinking during pregnancy severe learning disabilities and behavioral disorders small eyes, thin upper lip, large ears, shortened fingers
56
fragile X syndrome
inherited; more males short attention span, repetitive speech, lack of eye contact large ears, loose joints, long face, prominent forehead and chin
57
down syndrome
chromosome disorder risk of developing severe behavior disorders is low slanting of eyelids, depressed nasal bridge, small mouth, hands, and feet
58
approaching someone with developmental disability
speak directly keep sentences short simple language speak slow and clear ask for concrete descriptions break down simply use pictures, symbols, actions
59
health-related quality of life
defined in line with who's definition of health as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease
60
disablement model definition
comprehensive assessment of the impact of a disease or injury is based on disablement models
61
types of disablement models
Nagi's model ICIDH model NCMRR model
62
disablement models diagnosis
Nagi- active pathology ICIDH- disease NCMRR- pathophysiology
63
diablement models impairment
Nagi- impairment ICIDH- impairment NCMRR- impairment
64
disablement models functional limits
Nagi- functional limitation ICIDH- disability NCMRR- functional limitation
65
disablement models disability
Nagi- disability ICIDH- handicap NCMRR- disability
66
pathology
diagnosis- diseases, injury, congenital or developmental condition
67
impairments
dysfunction and structural abnormalities in specific body systems (musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, neurological)
68
what is helpful for determining impairments?
bilateral comparison
69
functional limitations
restrictions in basic physical and mental actions (reach, stoop, climb stairs, speak, see print)
70
disability
difficulty doing activities of daily life (job/sport, household management, personal care, hobbies, sleep)
71
HRQOL impairment affecting factors
predisposing characteristics lifestyle (sport) behavioral psychological environmental biological
72
HRQOL functional limitation external
medical care/rehab medications external support physical/social environment
73
HRQOL functional limitation internal
lifestyle/behavioral change psychological (coping) activity accommodations

KINE 2000 (5 decks)

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