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KINE 2000 > unit 4 quiz > Flashcards

unit 4 quiz Flashcards

1
Q

primitive reflexes

A

reflex actions that originate in CNS and exhibited by new born

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2
Q
A

palmar réflex

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3
Q
A

asymmetrical tonic neck reflex ATNR

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4
Q
A

moro reflex

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5
Q
A

babinskis sign

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6
Q
A

gallant reflex

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7
Q
A

swimming reflex

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8
Q

who retains primitive reflexes?

A

people with atypical neurology

stroke
traumatic lesion

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9
Q

ages for body control of baby

A

2 month- head
4 month- arm
6 month- head, arm, trunk
8 month- head, arm, trunk, leg
9 month- stand
12 month- locomotion
2 year- running and walk backward
3 year- balance

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10
Q

proportion of subjects who were correctly diagnosed with the experimental test

A

(# correct dx)/(# total subjects)

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11
Q

sensitivity

A

rate of true positives

proportion of patients with target condition that have a pos test

(# injuries correctly dx)/(# true injuries) = A/(A+C)

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12
Q

what does sensitivity represent?

A

ability of test to recognize when a condition is present

indicates that a negative test is very meaningful
neg test rules out diagnosis

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13
Q

specificity

A

true negative rate

proportion of patients without target condition

(# true negs)/(all without condition) = D/(B+D)

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14
Q

what does specificity represent?

A

ability of a test to recognize when a condition is absent

indicates that a positive test is very meaningful
pos test rules in diagnosis

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15
Q

upper motor neurons

A

CNS

cell body within brain or spinal cord
ascending and descending

carry message to lower motor neuron

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16
Q

lower motor neuron

A

originate from spinal cord

innervates skeletal muscles

also known as peripheral nervous system
includes sensory and motor nerves

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17
Q

upper motor neuron vs lower motor neuron signs

reflexes

A

UMN: hyperreflexia (big reflex)
LMN: hyporeflexia (little reflex)

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18
Q

upper motor neuron vs lower motor neuron signs

muscle tone

A

UMN: increased/spastic
LMN: decreased/flaccid

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19
Q

upper motor neuron vs lower motor neuron signs

fasciculation (needle test to measure muscle activity)

A

UMN: none
LMN: present

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20
Q

upper motor neuron vs lower motor neuron signs

atrophy

A

UMN: none
LMN: severe

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21
Q

upper motor neuron vs lower motor neuron signs

babinski sign

A

UMN: present
LMN: absent

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22
Q

CVA/stroke 1 (hemorahgic)

A

vessel breaks and bleeding; causes pressure and inability of vessel to supply

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23
Q

CVA/stroke 2

A

blockage in brain; downstream cannot get oxygen

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24
Q

what causes spinal cord injury (SCI)?

A

hitting top of head or traumatic cause (like gunshot or sports)

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25
Q

quadriplegia

A

loss of movement and sensation of all four limbs

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26
Q

paraplegia

A

loss of movement and sensation in lower half of body

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27
Q

SCI recovery

A

maximize what you can

cannot recover CNS damage, can recover PNS

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28
Q

multiple sclerosis (MS)

A

characterized by exacerbation and remission

demyelinating of CNS - inflammatory and scarring

cause unknown

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29
Q

MS treatment goals

A

focus on speeding recovery

maintain function with exercise

immunotherapies, steroid, palliative care

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30
Q

muscular dystrophy (MD)

A

X related chromosomal disorder (more likely in boys)

absence of dystrophin (protein responsible for muscle contraction)

appears age 3-5

progressive disability- poor recovery from muscle contraction

31
Q

myesthenia gravis

A

blockage of ACh receptor

synapse begins, but does not allow propagation of action potential in the muscle

weakening skeletal muscles; symptoms increase over day

multiple sites of involvement resulting in different symptom pattern

32
Q

what can myesthenia gravis look like?

A

droopy eyelid and mouth

symptoms:
difficulty swallowing
double vision
unsteady walk

33
Q

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

A

“Lou Gehrig’s disease”

motor neuron disease; loss of motor neurons in cortex, brainstem, spinal cord

UMN: spasticity, hyper-reflexia from degeneration of motor tracts in spinal cord
LMN: denervation, weakness, atrophy

cause unknown; affects all but eye movement

34
Q

Guillain-barre syndrome

A

unknown cause (idiopathic)

bacteria or viral infection?

ascending paralysis

symptoms start as tingling and weakness in feet

respiratory failure

35
Q

muscular dystrophies

A

Duchenne MD
beckers MD
myotonic

most are boys bc X chromosome

36
Q

anterior horn disorders

A

poliomyelitis
motor neuron disease - amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
spinal muscle atrophy (SMA) (genetic)

37
Q

treatment for NM diseases

A

genetic intervention (CRISPR)

pharmacology

PT and OT

respiratory therapy

38
Q

PT and OT strategies for NM diseases

A

posture

evaluate function

improve core stability

39
Q

respiratory function of NM diseases

A

posture

low tidal volume - weakness

scoliosis

impaired cough

airway closure

40
Q

machines for respiratory function

A

negative pressure ventilation

invasive respiratory support

CPAP

41
Q

causes of developmental disability

A

genetic conditions

problems before, during, or after birth

poverty, culture deprivation

accident or injury

drugs/alcohol

42
Q

goals for disabled children

A

maximize function - cognitive, motor, sensory

promote an environment for safety, learning, community

integrate into society

43
Q

disability definition

A

a condition which may be characterized by severe disorders in communication and behavior, resulting in limited ability to communicate, understand, learn, and participate in social relationships

44
Q

intellectual disability

A

below-normal IQ (2 standard deviations below)

varied ability to process info

varied presentation of emotional quotient

45
Q

syndrome

A

a collection of signs/symptoms that are representative of a single condition

46
Q

types of syndromes

A

down syndrome

fetal alcohol syndrome

marfan’s syndrome

kleinfelter’s syndrome

47
Q

autism

A

inability to relate to other people

delayed communication skills

impaired language comprehension

sensitive to sensory input, noise levels, and touch

may react indifferently or with emotional outbursts

difficulty dealing with changes

obsessive or compulsive behavior

48
Q

brain damage

A

defect of brain from injury before, during, or after birth

49
Q

vascular injury - brain

A

stroke - cerebral vascular accident

50
Q

ISCHEMIC stroke

A

blood flow to a portion of brain is stopped

51
Q

HEMORRHAGIC stroke

A

blood vessel ruptures causing bleeding and pressure on brain structures

52
Q

cerebral palsy

A

permanently disabling condition resulting from damage to developing brain which may occur before, during, or after birth and results in loss or impairment of control over voluntary muscles

hemiplegia vs quadriplegia

53
Q

traumatic brain injury (TBI)

A

diffuse or focal

bleeding results in pressure within cranium

halts development in children

54
Q

intelligence disorders (IDs)

A

fetal alcohol syndrome

fragile X syndrome

down syndrome

55
Q

fetal alcohol syndrome

A

caused by drinking during pregnancy

severe learning disabilities and behavioral disorders

small eyes, thin upper lip, large ears, shortened fingers

56
Q

fragile X syndrome

A

inherited; more males

short attention span, repetitive speech, lack of eye contact

large ears, loose joints, long face, prominent forehead and chin

57
Q

down syndrome

A

chromosome disorder

risk of developing severe behavior disorders is low

slanting of eyelids, depressed nasal bridge, small mouth, hands, and feet

58
Q

approaching someone with developmental disability

A

speak directly

keep sentences short

simple language

speak slow and clear

ask for concrete descriptions

break down simply

use pictures, symbols, actions

59
Q

health-related quality of life

A

defined in line with who’s definition of health as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease

60
Q

disablement model definition

A

comprehensive assessment of the impact of a disease or injury is based on disablement models

61
Q

types of disablement models

A

Nagi’s model

ICIDH model

NCMRR model

62
Q

disablement models diagnosis

A

Nagi- active pathology
ICIDH- disease
NCMRR- pathophysiology

63
Q

diablement models impairment

A

Nagi- impairment
ICIDH- impairment
NCMRR- impairment

64
Q

disablement models functional limits

A

Nagi- functional limitation
ICIDH- disability
NCMRR- functional limitation

65
Q

disablement models disability

A

Nagi- disability
ICIDH- handicap
NCMRR- disability

66
Q

pathology

A

diagnosis- diseases, injury, congenital or developmental condition

67
Q

impairments

A

dysfunction and structural abnormalities in specific body systems (musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, neurological)

68
Q

what is helpful for determining impairments?

A

bilateral comparison

69
Q

functional limitations

A

restrictions in basic physical and mental actions (reach, stoop, climb stairs, speak, see print)

70
Q

disability

A

difficulty doing activities of daily life (job/sport, household management, personal care, hobbies, sleep)

71
Q

HRQOL impairment affecting factors

A

predisposing characteristics
lifestyle (sport)
behavioral
psychological
environmental
biological

72
Q

HRQOL functional limitation external

A

medical care/rehab
medications
external support
physical/social environment

73
Q

HRQOL functional limitation internal

A

lifestyle/behavioral change
psychological (coping)
activity accommodations

KINE 2000 (5 decks)

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