unit 2 quiz Flashcards
1
Q
ipsilateral
A
on the same side
2
Q
contralateral
A
on opposite sides
3
Q
cephalic region
A
frontal
orbital
nasal
oral
mental
4
Q
thoracic region
A
sternal
axillary
mammary
5
Q
abdominal
A
umbilical
6
Q
pelvic region
A
inguinal (groin)
7
Q
pubic region
A
genital
8
Q
upper limb region
A
acromial
brachial (arm)
antecubital
antebrachial (forearm)
carpal (wrist)
9
Q
manus (hand)
A
pollex
palmar
digital
10
Q
lower limb region
A
coxal (hip)
femoral (thigh)
patellar
crural (leg)
fibular or peroneal
11
Q
pedal (foot) region
A
tarsal (ankle)
metatarsal
digital
hallux
12
Q
osteokinematics
A
bone motion
relative motion determined by the excursion on one shaft of bone relative to another
first type of motion in goniometry
13
Q
in osteokinematics where should center and lever arms of goniometer be placed?
A
axis of the joint
lever arms aligned with bone shafts
14
Q
arthrokinematics
A
joint motion
describes movement of the joint surfaces and are necessary for joint motion
15
Q
slides/glides in arthrokinematics
A
transitional motion
16
Q
spins/rolls in arthrokinematics
A
rotary motion
17
Q
movement in sagittal
A
flexión and extension
18
Q
movement in frontal plane
A
abduction and adduction
19
Q
movement in transverse
A
rotation
20
Q
ROM
A
total amount of motion available at joint
21
Q
shoulder flexion ROM
A
180
22
Q
shoulder abduction ROM
A
180
23
Q
elbow flexion ROM
A
145
24
Q
knee flexion ROM
A
135
25
active ROM
using the musculature, the person move the joint through the arc as far as possible
need muscle and tendon
helps determine willingness to move, muscle strength, and coordination
26
passive ROM
excursion or arc of the joint when the person is relaxed (no muscular work)
generally more than AROM
gives info about integrity of joint
27
soft or tissue approximation-normal
flexion of elbow
28
firm-normal end feel
ligamentous
29
hard-normal
bony
30
empty-abnormal
usually associated with pain, needs to be treated
31
contradictions to ROM test
dislocation or un healed fracture
immediately following surgery
regions of osteoporosis or bone fragility
32
intra-rater reliability
determines how well the same person can take a measurement, time and time again
determines whether a measure varies between individuals
33
anatomy
structure of body parts and their relationships to one another
34
physiology
how body parts function to perform life-sustaining activities also know as physiological processed
35
origin in muscle OÍA
where the muscle begins/originates
attachment site does not move
proximal
36
insertion/attachment in muscle OÍA
where the muscle ends/inserts
attachment site does move
distal
37
action in muscle OÍA
performance of the muscle contraction
38
isotonic contractions
muscle contracts and changes length
concentric and eccentric contraction
39
isometric contraction
muscle contracts and does not change length
40
sports medicine
a field that uses a holistic, comprehensive, and multidisciplinary approach to health care for those engaged in sporting or recreational activity
41
sports medicine jobs
primary care physicians
orthopedic surgeons
athletic trainers
physical therapists
dentists, exercise physiologists, conditioning coaches, registered dietitians, sports analyst
42
comprehensive team approach involves
board of certification (BOC) certified athletic trainer
team physician
EMS personnel
coaches
school nurses, medical specialists, dentists, counselors, and others
43
key sports medicine team members
coaches
team physicians
certified athletic trainer
44
what should coaches be trained in?
basic conditioning procedures
maintenance and fitting of protective equipment
first aid and CPR
operation of an automatic external defibrillator
recognition and management of common sports injuries
skills instruction
45
team physician duties
coordínate PPE
on- and off-the-field injury management
provide for medical management of injury and illness
coordinate rehabilitation and return to play decisions
46
injury
act that damaged or hurts
47
NCAA sports injury
occurs as result of participation in sport practice or game
requires medical attention by a team athletic trainer or physician
results in restriction of athlete’s participation for one or lore days after injury
48
characteristics of sports injury
catastrophic vs non-catastrophic (visible vs not visible (overuse))
time frame of injury (acute and chronic/overuse)
type of tissue(s) involved
49
intrinsic factors for chronic/overuse
immature cartilage
decreased flexibility
decreased conditioning
psychological factors
50
extrinsic factors for chronic/overuse
excessive training
lack of adequate recovery
incorrect technique
playing on uneven or hard surface
incorrect equipment
51
factors affecting balance
muscular weakness (motor)
proprioceptive deficits (sensory)
ROM deficits
other factors such as vision and vestibular impairments; brain involvement
52
balance
process of maintains body’s center of gravity within base of support
53
kinesthesia
awareness of movement due to joint and muscle receptors
54
proprioception
body’s ability to transmit position sense - where the part is in space
55
coordination
smooth pattern of activity is produced through a combination of muscles acting together with appropriate intensity and timing
56
agility
ability to control the direction of a body or segment during rapid movement
57
static BOS
maintain COG in stable BOS
standing
58
semi-dynamic BOS
maintain COG within moveable BOS
skateboard/snowbaord
59
dynamic BOS
Maintain COG within changing BOS
walk/run
60
postural sway strategies
ankle- small disruptions
hip- larger amount of correction
suspensory (knee/hip)- crouching/lowering COG; typically used to minimize impact of fall
stepping strategy- displacement is significant enough, step is necessary to regain balance; moving BOS
61
components of postural control system
SENSORY detection of body motions
INTEGRATION of sensorimotor information with the CNS
EXECUTION of musculoskeletal responses
62
sensory organization components
visión
vestibular
somatosensory- provides info concerning relative position of body parts to support
63
somatosensation=propeioceptive system
specialized variation of the sensory modality of touch, encompassing joint sense (kinesthesia) and position
64
afferent pathway
towards the spinal cord; process info
65
efferent pathway
towards the muscle; muscle response
66
balance defienciencies
inappropriate interaction among 3 sensory inputs
67
factors that disrupt balance
position of COG relative to base of support is not accurately sensed
automatic movements required to maintain the COG are not timely/effective
68
speed equation
69
velocity equation
70
acceleration equation
71
force equation (N)
72
work equation (J)
73
power equation (watts)
74
torque equation (Nm)
75
fulcrum
screw in goniometer that allows moving arm to move
76
77
joint
articulation between two or more bones
78
sprain
stretched or torn ligaments
1 degree: microtrauama; mild pain with little/no swelling
2 degree: partial tearing; pain, moderate, and dysfunction
3 degree: complete tear; pain, swelling, dysfunction leading to loss of stability
79
strain
stretched or torn muscle or tendon
1 degree: mild with little/no swelling, pain noticeable with use
2 degree: more extensive soft-tissue damage, and moderate loss of function
3 degree: complete rupture, significant swelling, loss of function, and possible defect in muscle
80
LESS landing error scoring system
stand on box and jump of, then jump again
81
LSDT lateral step down task
lower extremity mechanics
standon on edge of box with one foot hanging of to your side, bend knee and touch ground
82
single leg squat
lower extremity mechanics
stand on test leg and squat as low as you can
