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KINE 2000 > unit 3 quiz > Flashcards

unit 3 quiz Flashcards

1
Q

factors affecting balance

A

muscular weakness (motor)
proprioceptive deficits (sensory)
ROM deficits

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2
Q

balance

A

process of maintain body’s COG within base of support

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3
Q

kinesthesia

A

awareness of movement due to joint and muscle receptors

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4
Q

proprioception

A

body’s ability to transmit position sense- where the part is in space

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5
Q

coordination

A

smooth pattern of activity is produced through a combination of of muscles acting together with appropriate intensity and timing

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6
Q

agility

A

ability to control the direction of a body part or segment during rapid movement

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7
Q

static base of support

A

maintain COG in stable BOS

standing

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8
Q

semi-dynamic base of support

A

maintain COG within moveable BOS

skateboard

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9
Q

dynamic base of support

A

maintain COG within changing BOS

walk

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10
Q

postural sway strategies

A

ankle- small disruptions

hip- larger amount of coordination

suspensory (knee/hip)- crouching/ lowering COG; minimize fall impact

stepping strategy- displacement is significant so step is necessary; moving BOS

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11
Q

components of postural control system

A

sensory detection of body movements (visual, vestibular, somatosensory inputs)

integration of sensorimotor info within CNS

execution of musculoskeletal responses

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12
Q

sensory organization

A

vision- balance, head relation to objects

vestibular- info dealing with gravitational, linear, angular accelerations

somatosensory- info concerning position of body to support

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13
Q

afferent pathway

A

towards the spinal cord; process info

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14
Q

efferent pathway

A

towards the muscle; muscle response

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15
Q

meissners corpuscles

A

fine touch and texture

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16
Q

pacifism corpuscles

A

heavy pressure and vibrations

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17
Q

ruffini endings

A

sensitive to stretch

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18
Q

hair follicle receptors

A

responds to bending of hairs

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19
Q

merkel discs

A

degree of pressure exerted on skin

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20
Q

nociceptors

A

pain

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21
Q

balance deficiencies

A

in appropriate interaction along 3 sensory inputs

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22
Q

force plate measures

A

allows for static and dynamic postural assessment

single or double leg stance; eyes opened or closed

instrumented

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23
Q

subjective balance assessments

A

romberg test- traditional

balance error scoring system (BESS)

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24
Q

dynamic tests

A

star excursion balance test (SEBT)

test neuromuscular control and ability to transfer COG

perception of safe limit stability

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25
subdivisions of motor behavior
motor control motor learning motor development
26
motor control
study of the neurophysiological factors that affect human movement
27
motor learning
study of the processes involved in acquiring and perfecting motor skills
28
motor development
study of the progression of motor development from infancy to
29
central nervous system (CNS)
includes brain and spinal cord
30
sensory receptors
specialized cells to stimulate along agreement nerves
31
efferent pathway
thalamus medulla oblongata spinal cord muscles- alpha motor neuron
32
feedforward vs feedback loops
feedforward: something is wrong but do not adjust it; open loop; top down model feedback: constantly readjusting; closed loop; bottom up model
33
motor programs theory
stereo typed sequence of commands sent from CNS to periphery produces desired behavior ex: writing
34
central pattern generators
reflex based model innate nervous system pathway produce coordinated movement pattern
35
dynamic systems theory
movement is produced from the interaction of multiple sub-systems within the person, task, and environment movement can be created as a result of near infinite combination of interactions of component parts bottom up model
36
sensorimotor flexibility
ability of sensorimotor system to adapt to constraint to produce a task needs redundancy or variability in individual during a cyclical task
37
factors that affect movement
consciousness muscle tone and force sensory info
38
motor learning
study of acquisition of motor skills; focused on behavioral and neurological consequences associated with learning a motor skill
39
motor skill
activity that requires voluntary movement to achieve a goal
40
classification of motor skills
precision: fine vs gross environmental stability: open vs closed movement continuity: discrete, serial, continuous
41
open skill
unpredictable environment
42
closed skill
predictable environment
43
discrete movement continuity
clear beginning and end kick soccer ball
44
serial movement continuity
discrete actions strung together in a movement sequence gymnastics
45
continuous movement continuity
no recognizable beginning and end; discrete task in repetitive motion swimming
46
reliability in measuring motor skills
extent to which the measurement is repeatable under similar conditions drills
47
validity in measuring motor skills
extent to which the test measures what the researcher intends it to measure timing gates
48
objectivity in measuring motor skills
two observers evaluating the same performance arrive at the same measurements force plates
49
constant error
measure of a persons accuracy; avg error of num trials reflects magnitude and direction provides or tendency in performance
50
absolute error
the avg over given num trials of error absolute trials measure of magnitude only
51
variable error
measured inconsistency in movement outcome (variability) evaluated consistency in responses and not the amount of error
52
total variability
total variability around a target for a set of movements
53
stages of learning
1- verbal cognitive phase 2- associative phase 3- autonomous phase
54
near transfer learning
being able to do one skill and apply it to a similar skill
55
far transfer learning
being able to do one skill and apply it to a different
56
massed practice
several practice sessions with little to no rest
57
distributed practice
substantial periods of rest between periods of practice
58
blocked practice
practice one skilled completely, move to next skill
59
motor development
development of a child’s bones, muscles, and ability to move around and manipulate environment can be divided into gross motor development and fine motor development
60
domains of motor development
cognitive domain affective domain motor domain physical domain
61
cognitive domain of motor development
concerns human intellectual development
62
affective domain of motor development
concerned with social and emotion aspects of human development
63
motor domain of motor development
development of human movement and factors that affect development
64
physical domain of motor development
all types of physical/bodily changes
65
development
progressions and regressions that occur throughout the lifespan of
66
growth
structural aspect of development adding skills and getting bigger
67
maturation
functional changes in human development
68
differentiation
progression from gross, immature movement to precise, well-controlled, intentional movement
69
integration
motor systems are able to function together as ability progresses
70
gross movement
movement controlled by large muscles or muscle groups
71
what are health disparities?
preventable differences in the burden of disease, injury, violence, or opportunities to achieve optimal health that are experienced by socially disadvantaged populations
72
motor unit
single alpha motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates smallest controllable neural component

KINE 2000 (5 decks)

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