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KINE 2000 > unit 3 quiz > Flashcards

unit 3 quiz Flashcards

1
Q

factors affecting balance

A

muscular weakness (motor)
proprioceptive deficits (sensory)
ROM deficits

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2
Q

balance

A

process of maintain body’s COG within base of support

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3
Q

kinesthesia

A

awareness of movement due to joint and muscle receptors

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4
Q

proprioception

A

body’s ability to transmit position sense- where the part is in space

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5
Q

coordination

A

smooth pattern of activity is produced through a combination of of muscles acting together with appropriate intensity and timing

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6
Q

agility

A

ability to control the direction of a body part or segment during rapid movement

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7
Q

static base of support

A

maintain COG in stable BOS

standing

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8
Q

semi-dynamic base of support

A

maintain COG within moveable BOS

skateboard

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9
Q

dynamic base of support

A

maintain COG within changing BOS

walk

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10
Q

postural sway strategies

A

ankle- small disruptions

hip- larger amount of coordination

suspensory (knee/hip)- crouching/ lowering COG; minimize fall impact

stepping strategy- displacement is significant so step is necessary; moving BOS

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11
Q

components of postural control system

A

sensory detection of body movements (visual, vestibular, somatosensory inputs)

integration of sensorimotor info within CNS

execution of musculoskeletal responses

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12
Q

sensory organization

A

vision- balance, head relation to objects

vestibular- info dealing with gravitational, linear, angular accelerations

somatosensory- info concerning position of body to support

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13
Q

afferent pathway

A

towards the spinal cord; process info

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14
Q

efferent pathway

A

towards the muscle; muscle response

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15
Q

meissners corpuscles

A

fine touch and texture

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16
Q

pacifism corpuscles

A

heavy pressure and vibrations

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17
Q

ruffini endings

A

sensitive to stretch

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18
Q

hair follicle receptors

A

responds to bending of hairs

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19
Q

merkel discs

A

degree of pressure exerted on skin

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20
Q

nociceptors

A

pain

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21
Q

balance deficiencies

A

in appropriate interaction along 3 sensory inputs

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22
Q

force plate measures

A

allows for static and dynamic postural assessment

single or double leg stance; eyes opened or closed

instrumented

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23
Q

subjective balance assessments

A

romberg test- traditional

balance error scoring system (BESS)

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24
Q

dynamic tests

A

star excursion balance test (SEBT)

test neuromuscular control and ability to transfer COG

perception of safe limit stability

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25
Q

subdivisions of motor behavior

A

motor control
motor learning
motor development

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26
Q

motor control

A

study of the neurophysiological factors that affect human movement

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27
Q

motor learning

A

study of the processes involved in acquiring and perfecting motor skills

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28
Q

motor development

A

study of the progression of motor development from infancy to

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29
Q

central nervous system (CNS)

A

includes brain and spinal cord

30
Q

sensory receptors

A

specialized cells to stimulate along agreement nerves

31
Q

efferent pathway

A

thalamus
medulla oblongata
spinal cord
muscles- alpha motor neuron

32
Q

feedforward vs feedback loops

A

feedforward: something is wrong but do not adjust it; open loop; top down model

feedback: constantly readjusting; closed loop; bottom up model

33
Q

motor programs theory

A

stereo typed sequence of commands sent from CNS to periphery

produces desired behavior

ex: writing

34
Q

central pattern generators

A

reflex based model

innate nervous system pathway

produce coordinated movement pattern

35
Q

dynamic systems theory

A

movement is produced from the interaction of multiple sub-systems within the person, task, and environment

movement can be created as a result of near infinite combination of interactions of component parts

bottom up model

36
Q

sensorimotor flexibility

A

ability of sensorimotor system to adapt to constraint to produce a task

needs redundancy or variability in individual during a cyclical task

37
Q

factors that affect movement

A

consciousness
muscle tone and force
sensory info

38
Q

motor learning

A

study of acquisition of motor skills; focused on behavioral and neurological consequences associated with learning a motor skill

39
Q

motor skill

A

activity that requires voluntary movement to achieve a goal

40
Q

classification of motor skills

A

precision: fine vs gross

environmental stability: open vs closed

movement continuity: discrete, serial, continuous

41
Q

open skill

A

unpredictable environment

42
Q

closed skill

A

predictable environment

43
Q

discrete movement continuity

A

clear beginning and end

kick soccer ball

44
Q

serial movement continuity

A

discrete actions strung together in a movement sequence

gymnastics

45
Q

continuous movement continuity

A

no recognizable beginning and end; discrete task in repetitive motion

swimming

46
Q

reliability in measuring motor skills

A

extent to which the measurement is repeatable under similar conditions

drills

47
Q

validity in measuring motor skills

A

extent to which the test measures what the researcher intends it to measure

timing gates

48
Q

objectivity in measuring motor skills

A

two observers evaluating the same performance arrive at the same measurements

force plates

49
Q

constant error

A

measure of a persons accuracy; avg error of num trials

reflects magnitude and direction
provides or tendency in performance

50
Q

absolute error

A

the avg over given num trials of error absolute trials

measure of magnitude only

51
Q

variable error

A

measured inconsistency in movement outcome (variability)

evaluated consistency in responses and not the amount of error

52
Q

total variability

A

total variability around a target for a set of movements

53
Q

stages of learning

A

1- verbal cognitive phase
2- associative phase
3- autonomous phase

54
Q

near transfer learning

A

being able to do one skill and apply it to a similar skill

55
Q

far transfer learning

A

being able to do one skill and apply it to a different

56
Q

massed practice

A

several practice sessions with little to no rest

57
Q

distributed practice

A

substantial periods of rest between periods of practice

58
Q

blocked practice

A

practice one skilled completely, move to next skill

59
Q

motor development

A

development of a child’s bones, muscles, and ability to move around and manipulate environment

can be divided into gross motor development and fine motor development

60
Q

domains of motor development

A

cognitive domain
affective domain
motor domain
physical domain

61
Q

cognitive domain of motor development

A

concerns human intellectual development

62
Q

affective domain of motor development

A

concerned with social and emotion aspects of human development

63
Q

motor domain of motor development

A

development of human movement and factors that affect development

64
Q

physical domain of motor development

A

all types of physical/bodily changes

65
Q

development

A

progressions and regressions that occur throughout the lifespan of

66
Q

growth

A

structural aspect of development

adding skills and getting bigger

67
Q

maturation

A

functional changes in human development

68
Q

differentiation

A

progression from gross, immature movement to precise, well-controlled, intentional movement

69
Q

integration

A

motor systems are able to function together as ability progresses

70
Q

gross movement

A

movement controlled by large muscles or muscle groups

71
Q

what are health disparities?

A

preventable differences in the burden of disease, injury, violence, or opportunities to achieve optimal health that are experienced by socially disadvantaged populations

72
Q

motor unit

A

single alpha motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates

smallest controllable neural component

KINE 2000 (5 decks)

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