Unit 4 - Political Organization of Space Flashcards
The largest political unit– the formal term for a country
state
The power of a political unit to rule its own affairs
sovereignty
A single nation of people who fulfill the qualifications of a state
nation-state
A country that contains more than one nation
multinational state
A defined area within a state that has a high degree of self-government and freedom from its parent state
autonomous state
Nations that do not have a state of its own
stateless nation
A nation that has a state of its own but stretches across the borders of other states
multistate nation
A nations desire to create and maintain a state of their own
nationalism
Something that brings a state together
centripetal forces
Something that tears a state apart
centrifugal forces
A policy of extending a country’s power and influence through diplomacy or military force.
imperialism
a type of imperialism in which people move into and settle on the land of another country
colonialism
A conference to form state boundaries in Africa
Berlin Conference, 1884
When colonies win independence
decolonization
Neo-colonialism is the practice of using capitalism, globalization, and cultural imperialism to influence a developing country instead of the previous colonial methods of direct military control or indirect political control.
neo-colonization
Mass organized killing in which people are targeted because of their race, religion, ethnicity, or nationality
genocide
The Cold War was a period of geopolitical tension between the Soviet Union and the United States and their respective allies
Cold War
a country that is formally independent in the world, but under heavy political, economic and military influence or control from another country.
satellite state
The forced removal of minority group from a territory
ethnic cleansing
politics, especially international relations, as influenced by geographical factors.
geopolitics
how people use space to communicate ownership or occupancy of areas and possessions.
territoriality
A theory thought of by Friedrich Ratzel. “Political entities seek nourishment by gaining territories to survive the same way a living organism seeks nourishment from food to survive.”
Organic Theory
a geopolitical concept that analyzes the political and economic success of the world’s regions by geography.
Heartland Theory
A political theory that holds that control of Eurasia and Africa (the World Island) is achieved via control of the countries bordering the Soviet Union.
Rimland Theory
established by legal documents
defined boundary
the actual placing of a political boundary of the landscape by means of barriers, fences, walls, or other markers.
delimited boundary
identified by physical objects placed on the landscape
demarcated boundary
The boundary of a region that marks the beginning of a boundary line. Usually, it is formed naturally and it might be something like a river, mountain range, or an ocean.
natural boundary
a boundary that is one that is formed by arcs or straight lines irrespective of the physical and cultural features of the land it passes through.
geometric boundary
defines a geographic area where a group of people share the same cultural practices and traditions. These aspects could include language, ethnicity, and religion.
cultural boundary
a political boundary that existed before the cultural landscape emerged and stayed in place while people moved in to occupy the surrounding area.
antecedent boundary
a political boundary that developed contemporaneously with the evolution of the major elements of the cultural landscape through which it passes.
subsequent boundary
A boundary that has ceased to function but can still be detected on the cultural landscape. It no longer exists as an international boundary.
relic boundary
a boundary that has been imposed on an area by an outside or conquering power.
superimposed boundary
heavily fortified boundaries that discourage the crossing of traffic, people, and/or information
militarized boundary
the drawing of boundaries for political districts
gerrymandering
the boundary that doesn’t completely enclose the domain but lets it extend to infinity in at least one direction
open boundary
a policy of advocating the restoration to a country of any territory formerly belonging to it
irredentism
the legal composition of the company and if the company has direct control over the sources of the emissions
operational boundary
The identification of the extent of influence of a resource center that either distributes a resource/service to or receives a resource/service from, a limited surrounding zone.
allocated boundary
the international agreement that resulted from the third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea, which took place between 1973 and 1982.
The United Nations Convention of the Law of the Sea
Up to 12 nautical miles of sovereignty; commercial vessels may pass, but non-commercial vessels may be challenged.
territorial sea
Coastal states have limited sovereignty for up to 24 nautical miles
contiguous sea
an area of coastal water and seabed within a certain distance of a country’s coastline, to which the country claims exclusive rights for fishing, drilling, and other economic activities
Exclusive Economic Zone
the open ocean, especially that not within any country’s jurisdiction.
high seas
elected officials who represent citizens
electorate
a survey that records the population of an area, as well as certain information about that population, such as age, sex, or income.
census
The process and outcome of a reallocation of electoral seats to defined territories, such as congressional seats to states of the United States.
reapportionment
The drawing of a new electoral district boundary lines in response to population changes
redistricting
