Unit 2 - Population and Migration Flashcards
The pattern of human settelement– the spread of people across the world.
Population Distribution
Population per square mile or kilometer
Population Density
Regions between 30 degrees North and 60 degrees North and regions between 30 degrees South and 60 degrees South
Midlatitudes
The hierarchal division of the population into groups based on factors such as economic power, ethnicity, and region
Social Stratification
Calculated by dividing a region’s population by its total area
Arithmetic Population Density
Dividing the population by the amount of arable land
Physiological Population Density
Land suitable for growing crops
Arable
The population in which the environment can support without significant environmental deterioration
Carrying Capacity
The number of farmers to the number of arable land
Agricultural Population Density
The changing of political boundaries
Redistricting
A larger population then an environment can support
Overpopulation
Provides data on age, gender, birth rates, death rates, life span, and economic development
Age-sex Composition Map/ Population Pyramid
The vertical axis that shows age in a population pyramid
Cohort
The slowdown of births
Birth Deficit
When the birth rate spikes
Baby Boom
The boom ends and birth rates are low for a couple of years
Baby Bust
An increase that reflects on an earlier baby boom
Echo
A value comparing the working to the non-working part of the population
Dependency ratio
The group expected to be society’s labor force
Potential Workforce
The people in the population who are under 15 and over 64 (too young or old to work full time)
Dependent Population
The number of live births per year for each 1,000 people
Crude Birth Rate (CBR)
The average number of children who would be born per woman ages 15-49 in a country, assuming every woman lived through her childbearing years.
Total Fertility Rate (TFR)
Programs to decrease the number of births
Anti-natalist Policies
Programs designed to increase the fertility rate
Pro-natalist Policies
The number of years the average person will live
Life Expectancy
The number of children who die before their first birthday
Infant Mortality Rate
Shows five typical stages of population change that countries pass through as they modernize
Demographic Transition Model
High birth rate and low life expectancy
Expansive Population Pyramid
A population that is not significantly growing or shrinking
Stationary Population Pyramid
The death rate of a population per 1,000 people
Crude Death Rate
The percentage at which a population is growing or declining without the impact of migration
Rate of Natural Increase
people who move into the country
immigrants
people who move out of the country
emigrants
Total Population Change = Births - Deaths + Immigrants - Emigrants
Demographic Balancing Equation
Distinctive causes of death in each stage of the demographic transition.
Epidemiological Transition Model
Theory of population growth in which population growth occurs exponentially, so it increases according to birth rate.
Malthusian Theory
People who have modernized the Malthusian Theory.
Neo-Malthusians
The permanent or semi-permanent relocation of people from one place to another.
Migration
A movement made by choice.
Voluntary Migration
Negative circumstances, events, or conditions.
Push Factors
Positive circumstances, events, or conditions.
Pull Factors
Protection from danger in the home country.
Asylum
Barriers that make reaching the desired destination more difficult
Intervening Obstacles
The idea that most migrants move only a short distance. There is a process of absorption, whereby people immediately surrounding a rapidly growing town move into it and the gaps they leave are filled by migrants from more distant areas, and so on until the attractive force (pull factors) is spent.
Ravenstein’s Laws of Migration
A process in which migrants reach their final destination through a series of smaller moves.
Step Migration
A model in urban geography derived from Newton’s law of gravity is used to predict the degree of migration interaction between two places.
Gravity Model of Migration
Immigrants who return to their home country.
Return Migration
People do not choose to relocate but do so under threat of violence.
Forced Migration
A migrant who has moved to another part of their original country once the danger has passed
Internally Displaced Person
A migrant who has a well-founded fear that they will be harmed if they return home
Refugees
When people move to communities where relatives have previously migrated to
Chain Migration
Neighborhoods filled primarily with people of the same ethnic group
Ethnic Enclaves
A strong dislike of people who practice another culture
Xenophobia
When migration out of a country is made up of highly skilled people
Brain Drain
Money immigrants send to their friends and family in the countries they left
Remittances
