Unit 3 - Cultural Patterns and Processes Flashcards
A group’s learned behaviors, actions, beliefs, and objects
culture
Belief systems, customs, and traditions; building blocks of culture
cultural trait
A group of culture traits all interrelated and dominated by one essential trait
cultural complex
The unifying expressive components of everyday life as enacted by localized, tradition-bound groups
folk culture
The area in which a unique culture or specific trait develops
culture hearth
The broad areas where groups share similar but not identical cultural traits
cultural region
Clearly defined by government or experts (states)
formal region
Based on interaction and are usually focused on a node or focus point
functional region
Based on how people think about certain places
perceptual region
How the boundaries of a region reflect the human imprint on the environment
cultural landscape
Clusters of people of the same culture, but surrounded by people of a culture that is dominant in that region
ethnic enclaves
Larger areas that include several regions
culture realm
the process of intensified interaction among peoples, governments, and companies of different countries around the globe
globalization
The increasing sense of connectivity that seems to be bringing people closer together even though their distances are the same.
space-time compression
When cultural traits such as clothing, music, movies, and types of business spread quickly over a large area
popular culture
The spreading of information, ideas, behaviors, and other aspects of culture over wide areas
diffusion
The spread of cultural traits by people migrate and carry their cultural traits with them
relocation diffusion
The spread of cultural traits through direct or indirect exchange without migration
expansion diffusion
A cultural trait that spreads continuously outward from its hearth through contact among people
contagious diffusion
The spread of culture outward from the most interconnected places or from centers of wealth and importance
hierarchical diffusion
When a trait diffuses from the lower class to the higher class
reverse hierarchical diffusion
When people in a culture adopt an underlying idea or process from another culture, but modify it because they reject one trait of it.
stimulus diffusion
Assimilation to a different culture, typically the dominant one.
acculturation
When an ethnic group can no longer be distinguished from the receiving group
assimilation
The co-existence of diverse cultures, where culture includes racial, religious, or cultural groups
multiculturalism
The policy of protecting the interests of native inhabitants against those of immigrants
nativist
A scientist who studies languages
linguist
A large group of languages that might all have descended from a language spoken about 6,000 years ago.
Indo-European language family
Shows how several languages are related to one another
language tree
Languages that originate from Latin.
Romance language
The boundaries between variations in pronunciation or word usage
isogloss
Sayings that attempt to express a truth about life such as “the early bird gets the worm”
adage
A common language used by people who do not share a native language
lingua franca
Informal language
slang
Two or more separate languages that mix and create a more formal structure and vocabulary so that they are no longer a pidgin language.
creole language
A simplified mixture of two languages that has fewer grammar rules and a smaller vocabulary
pidgin language
trade between Arab-speaking merchants and Banty-speaking residents resulted in the creation of this language
Swahili
A language designated by law to be the language of the government
official language
Countries made up largely of ethnically similar people
homogeneous
Membership in a group of people who share characteristics such as ancestry, language, customs, history, and common experience
ethnicity
peoples connection with a particular country
nationality
the source or origin where a religion or ethnicity began
culture hearth
an attempt to follow a literal interpretation of a religious faith
fundamentalism
Countries whose governments are run by religious leaders
theocracies
An Islamic religious law that governs not only religious rituals but also aspects of day-to-day life in Islam.
sharia
The process of re-embracing the uniqueness of a place
neolocalism
having one god
monotheistic
A rigid class structure
caste system
The idea that behaviors have consequences in the present life or in a future life
karma
Belief traditions that emphasize strong ethnic characteristics among their followers
ethnic religion
Actively seeks converts to its faith regardless of ethnic background
universal religion
A religious journey that is taken by a person to a sacred place of his or her religion
pilgrimage
A global migration of Hindus from India
Diaspora
having many gods
polytheistic
The belief that non-living objects have a spirit
animism
The first group to establish cultural and religious customs in a space
charter group
ethnic concentrations
ethnic island
Ethnic groups that move in and out of the neighborhoods and create a new cultural imprint on the landscape.
sequent occupancy
