UNIT 4 | PLANTS

Question 1

Define cuticle

Answer 1

The thick waxy layer, which often covers the outer surfaces of the epidermal cells of a plant

Question 2

Define vascular tissue

Answer 2

A specialized tissue in plants that carries water and nutrients

Question 3

Define stoma (pl. stomata)

Answer 3

Small opening in the epidermis of a plant that allows carbon dioxide, water, and oxygen to diffuse into and out of the leaf

Question 4

Define guard cells in plants

Answer 4

A specialized cell in the epidermis of plants that controls the opening and closing of stomata

Question 5

Define xylem

Answer 5

Vascular tissue that carries water upward from the roots to every part of the plant

Question 6

Define phloem

Answer 6

Vascular tissue that transports solutions of nutrients and carbohydrates produced by photosynthesis through the plant

Question 7

Define seed

Answer 7

Plant embryo and a food supply encases in a protective covering

Question 8

Define spore

Answer 8

Spores are produced within a sporangium when meiosis occurs. Part of the sporophyte lifecycle.

Question 9

Define alternation of generation in plants

Answer 9

Life cycle that has two alternating phases—a haploid (N) phase and a diploid (2N) phase

Question 10

Define rhizoids

Answer 10

Thin filaments that anchor mosses to soil. They also absorb water and minerals from the surrounding soil

Question 11

Define roots

Answer 11

Provide raw materials for developing stems and leaves before they emerge from the soil. Taproots and fibrous roots are the main types of root systems

Question 12

Define fruit

Answer 12

After fertilization, ovaries within flowers develop into fruits that surround, protect, and help disperse the seeds of angiosperms.

Question 13

Define sorus (pl; sori)

Answer 13

Little packets of sporangia (spores) found on the underside of frond leaflets

Question 14

Define sporophyte

Answer 14

Spore-producing plant; multicellular diploid phase of a plant life cycle

Question 15

Define gametophyte

Answer 15

Gamete-producing plant; multicellular haploid phase of a plant life cycle

Question 16

Define ovary in plants

Answer 16

In plants, the structure that surrounds and protects seeds

Question 17

Define cotyledon

Answer 17

First leaf or first pair of leaves produced by the embryo of a seed plant

Question 18

Define pollen tube

Answer 18

A structure in a plant that contains two haploid sperm nuclei

Question 19

Define pollination

Answer 19

Transfer of pollen from the male reproductive structure to the female reproductive structure

Question 20

Define germination

Answer 20

Resumption of growth of the plant embryo following dormancy

Question 21

Define petiole

Answer 21

A thin stalk that connects the blade of a leaf to a stem

Question 22

Define transpiration

Answer 22

The loss of water from a plant though its leaves

Question 23

Define archegonium

Answer 23

Structure in plants that produces egg cells (female sex cell)

Question 24

Define antheridium

Answer 24

Male reproductive structure in some plants that produces sperm

Question 25

Define flower

Answer 25

Seed brewing portion of a plant consisting of its reproductive organs

Question 26

What are the main adaptations that allow plants to live on land?

Answer 26

Roots - obtaining water and nutrients
Cuticle and transpiration - resining water and prevention of water loss
Cell walls and vascular tissue - supporting its body for photosynthesis
Veins (vascular tissue) - transporting materials like water, food, and minerals
Seeds (reproduction) - reproductive cells such as eggs and sperm (pollen)

Question 27

What is the chemical formula for photosynthesis?

Answer 27

6CO2 + 6H2O —> C6H12O6 + 6O2

Question 28

Give an example of a seedless vascular plant

Answer 28

Maidenhair fern

Question 29

List some characteristics of gymnosperms

Answer 29

• evergreens and conifers
• seed coat
• stores food/energy to help survive in harsh conditions
• adapted to cold and dry weather
• tough needle like leaves conserve water with a thick cuticle and recessed stomata
• seeds contained in female cones
• wind pollination

Question 30

Describe an annual

Answer 30

Live for a single growing season and then dies

Question 31

Describe a biennial

Answer 31

Completes its lifecycle in the second year. In the first growing season it’s small, and in the second growing year it becomes taller before dying

Question 32

Describe a perennial

Answer 32

Come back every spring

Question 33

List some characteristics and examples of a monocot

Answer 33

• single cotyledon
• parallel veins
• petals in multiples of 3
• vascular bundles are scattered
• fibrous root system
• includes irises and orchids

Question 34

List some characteristics and examples of dicots

Answer 34

• two cotyledons
• branched veins
• petals in multiples of 4 or 5
• vascular ring
• taproot
• includes roses and maple trees

Question 35

What is the function of leaves?

Answer 35

• main site for photosynthesis

- has exchange

Question 36

What is the function of stems?

Answer 36

• produces leaves, branches, flowers
• holds leaves upwards towards the sun
• transport substances through plants

Question 37

What is the function of veins in plants?

Answer 37

Transports water through xylem and nutrients through phloem

Question 38

What is the function of roots?

Answer 38

• support plant
• anchor it
• store food
• absorbs water and dissolved nutrients from the soil

Question 39

What is the difference between a taproot and a fibrous root?

Answer 39

Taproot - large straight tapered root growing downward. Consists of small root hairs as well (found in dicots)

Fibrous - grow down and out with many root hairs that form a large mass of roots

Question 40

What are the main plant divisions?

Answer 40

Non-vascular seedless

Vascular seedless

Vascular seed

Question 41

List some characteristics of angiosperms

Answer 41

• reproduces through flowers and fruit
• monocots and dicots
• reproductive organ is the ovary (located in the female flower)
• seeds develop in cone