UNIT 3 | TAXONOMY + MICROBIOLOGY Flashcards
Define biodiversity
The total variety of organisms in the biosphere
How are organisms used by humans?
Used in the medical, agricultural, and ecosystem services fields
Taxonomy
The field of biology that deals with classifying organisms
What is a bacteriophage?
A virus that infects bacteria cells
Why is a virus not considered a living organism?
It requires a host to live and reproduce
What is the purpose of an eye piece on a microscope?
Magnifies the specimen by 10x
What is the purpose of a tube on a microscope?
Light travels from the objective lens to the eyepiece
What is the purpose of the objective lens on a microscope?
Magnify the specimen by 4, 10, 40, and sometimes 100x
What is the purpose of the stage on a microscope?
The place for the slides to be seen
What is the purpose of the arm and base of a microscope?
To provide support while carrying and when in use
How is a wet mount prepared?
A drop of water is used to suspend the specimen between the slide and cover slip
What is a prokaryote?
Unicellular organisms that lack a nucleus. Genetic material is located in the cytoplasm (bacteria).
What is a eukaryote?
An organism whose cells contain a nucleus (genetic material is stored there).
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- size and functions
- movement
- obtaining and the release of energy
Describe eubacteria
Very common, considered ‘true’ bacteria
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- live in extreme environments (hot springs)
- have no peptidoglycan in their cell walls
How do bacteria feed?
Heterotrophic and autotrophic feeding habits
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- require an energy source from another organism
- most bacteria is heterotrophic
What is autotrophic bacteria?
- contain chlorophyll for making food from the sun (photosynthetic)
Do all bacteria cause infections or illness?
No
Describe the general structure of bacteria
5 points
- cell wall
- cell membrane
- pili or flagella (movement and stability)
- genetic material (plasmid)
- ribosomes
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- cocci
- spirilla
- bacilli
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- diplo
- staphylo
- strepto
Define chemo autotroph
Uses energy released by chemical reactions involving ammonia, hydrogen, and sulfide
Define obligate aerobe
Requiring oxygen for cellular respiration
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- fermentation
- dies in the presence of oxygen
Endospore
- produced by prokaryotes in unfavourable conditions
- a thick internal wall that encloses the DNA and a portion of the cytoplasm
Conjugation
Some paramecium and prokaryotes exchange genetic info (increases genetic diversity)
Protists are
unicellular and eukaryotic organisms
What are some animal like protists?
Four points
- amoeba
- paramecium
- trichiomonas
- tokophyra
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- kelp
- seaweed
- algae
What is the significance of euglena?
They contain chloroplasts and have flagella
What is a parameciums habitat?
Lives in fresh water near decaying plant matter
What is a parameciums food source and how are they obtained?
Four points
- protozoan
- bacteria
- algae
- trichicysts help capture prey
What is an amoebas habitat?
Fresh or salt water as well as the intestines of animals and humans
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- euglena
- trichomonads
- volvox
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- amoeba
- radiolarian
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- paramecium
- tokophyra
What are the basic structures of fungi?
Six points
- cup/sac
- cap
- gills
- fruiting body
- hyphae
- mycelium
What is the purpose of the fruiting body of fungi?
Contains and disperses spores
What is the purpose of hyphae in fungi?
Absorb nutrients
What is the purpose of mycelium?
Where vegetative reproduction takes place (a mass of hyphae)
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- eukaryotic
- sessile (non mobile)
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- heterotrophic
- saprophytic
- parasitic
Define saprophytic
Secrete enzymes to break down dead organic material
Define parasitic
Obtain nutrients from living hosts
How do fungi reproduce asexually?
Spores
What are true groups of fungi? - - - -
- chytridomycetes
- ascomycetes
- zygomycota
- basidiomycota
Define species
A group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring
Define photo autotroph
Uses light energy to convert carbon dioxide into carbon compounds
KPCOFGS
Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
Define photo heterotroph
Similar to heterotrophs but can use light energy as well
