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Biology 12 > UNIT 3 | TAXONOMY + MICROBIOLOGY > Flashcards

UNIT 3 | TAXONOMY + MICROBIOLOGY Flashcards

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1
Q

Define biodiversity

A

The total variety of organisms in the biosphere

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2
Q

How are organisms used by humans?

A

Used in the medical, agricultural, and ecosystem services fields

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3
Q

Taxonomy

A

The field of biology that deals with classifying organisms

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4
Q

What is a bacteriophage?

A

A virus that infects bacteria cells

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5
Q

Why is a virus not considered a living organism?

A

It requires a host to live and reproduce

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6
Q

What is the purpose of an eye piece on a microscope?

A

Magnifies the specimen by 10x

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7
Q

What is the purpose of a tube on a microscope?

A

Light travels from the objective lens to the eyepiece

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8
Q

What is the purpose of the objective lens on a microscope?

A

Magnify the specimen by 4, 10, 40, and sometimes 100x

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9
Q

What is the purpose of the stage on a microscope?

A

The place for the slides to be seen

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10
Q

What is the purpose of the arm and base of a microscope?

A

To provide support while carrying and when in use

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11
Q

How is a wet mount prepared?

A

A drop of water is used to suspend the specimen between the slide and cover slip

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12
Q

What is a prokaryote?

A

Unicellular organisms that lack a nucleus. Genetic material is located in the cytoplasm (bacteria).

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13
Q

What is a eukaryote?

A

An organism whose cells contain a nucleus (genetic material is stored there).

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14
Q

-
-

A
  • size and functions
  • movement
  • obtaining and the release of energy
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15
Q

Describe eubacteria

A

Very common, considered ‘true’ bacteria

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16
Q

-

A
  • live in extreme environments (hot springs)

- have no peptidoglycan in their cell walls

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17
Q

How do bacteria feed?

A

Heterotrophic and autotrophic feeding habits

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18
Q

-

A
  • require an energy source from another organism

- most bacteria is heterotrophic

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19
Q

What is autotrophic bacteria?

A
  • contain chlorophyll for making food from the sun (photosynthetic)
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20
Q

Do all bacteria cause infections or illness?

A

No

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21
Q

Describe the general structure of bacteria

5 points

A
  • cell wall
  • cell membrane
  • pili or flagella (movement and stability)
  • genetic material (plasmid)
  • ribosomes
22
Q

-
-

A
  • cocci
  • spirilla
  • bacilli
23
Q

-
-

A
  • diplo
  • staphylo
  • strepto
24
Q

Define chemo autotroph

A

Uses energy released by chemical reactions involving ammonia, hydrogen, and sulfide

25
Q

Define obligate aerobe

A

Requiring oxygen for cellular respiration

26
Q

-

A
  • fermentation

- dies in the presence of oxygen

27
Q

Endospore

A
  • produced by prokaryotes in unfavourable conditions

- a thick internal wall that encloses the DNA and a portion of the cytoplasm

28
Q

Conjugation

A

Some paramecium and prokaryotes exchange genetic info (increases genetic diversity)

29
Q

Protists are

A

unicellular and eukaryotic organisms

30
Q

What are some animal like protists?

Four points

A
  • amoeba
  • paramecium
  • trichiomonas
  • tokophyra
31
Q

-
-

A
  • kelp
  • seaweed
  • algae
32
Q

What is the significance of euglena?

A

They contain chloroplasts and have flagella

33
Q

What is a parameciums habitat?

A

Lives in fresh water near decaying plant matter

34
Q

What is a parameciums food source and how are they obtained?

Four points

A
  • protozoan
  • bacteria
  • algae
  • trichicysts help capture prey
35
Q

What is an amoebas habitat?

A

Fresh or salt water as well as the intestines of animals and humans

36
Q

-
-

A
  • euglena
  • trichomonads
  • volvox
37
Q

-

A
  • amoeba

- radiolarian

38
Q

-

A
  • paramecium

- tokophyra

39
Q

What are the basic structures of fungi?

Six points

A
  • cup/sac
  • cap
  • gills
  • fruiting body
  • hyphae
  • mycelium
40
Q

What is the purpose of the fruiting body of fungi?

A

Contains and disperses spores

41
Q

What is the purpose of hyphae in fungi?

A

Absorb nutrients

42
Q

What is the purpose of mycelium?

A

Where vegetative reproduction takes place (a mass of hyphae)

43
Q

-

A
  • eukaryotic

- sessile (non mobile)

44
Q

-
-

A
  • heterotrophic
  • saprophytic
  • parasitic
45
Q

Define saprophytic

A

Secrete enzymes to break down dead organic material

46
Q

Define parasitic

A

Obtain nutrients from living hosts

47
Q

How do fungi reproduce asexually?

A

Spores

48
Q 
What are true groups of fungi?
-
-
-
-
A
  • chytridomycetes
  • ascomycetes
  • zygomycota
  • basidiomycota
49
Q

Define species

A

A group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring

50
Q

Define photo autotroph

A

Uses light energy to convert carbon dioxide into carbon compounds

51
Q

KPCOFGS

A 
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
52
Q

Define photo heterotroph

A

Similar to heterotrophs but can use light energy as well

Biology 12 (5 decks)

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