Unit 4 Pharmacology Guiding Questions Ch. 27

Question 1

drugs used to control gastric acidity and secretion

Answer 1

antacids, H2 receptors blockers, proton pump inhibitors

Question 2

what is one concern regarding antacids?

Answer 2

abused. the public has come to regard antacids as a remedy for poor eating habits

Question 3

antacids can be classified as

Answer 3

aluminum-containing
magnesium-containing
calcium carbonate-containing
sodium bicarbonate-containing
a combination

Question 4

most common side effect associated with the aluminum-containing antacids
magnesium-containing antacids

Answer 4

constipation,

Question 5

what can occur if antacids are used in high doses for prolonged periods

Answer 5

electrolyte imbalances and altered pharacokinetics

Question 6

what are H2 blockers used for

Answer 6

acute and long-term management of peptic ulcer and other problems such as dyspepsia and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

Question 7

true or false: H2 blockers are generally well tolerated and adverse effects are rare during short-term or periodic use

Answer 7

true

Question 8

adverse effects of H2 blockers

Answer 8

headache and dizziness
mild, transient GI problems with cimetidine use

Question 9

what do proton pump inhibitors inhibit?

Answer 9

the H+, K+-ATPase enzyme that is responsible for secreting acid from gastric parietal cells into the lumen of the stomach

Question 10

PPIs are concidered more or less effective than H2 blocks and antacids

Answer 10

more effective in controlling acid secretion and promoting the healing of ulcers in various conditions that cause increased gastric acid production

Question 11

what can occur when PPIs are discontinued after prolonged use

Answer 11

secretion of gastric acid

Question 12

potential problems of PPIs

Answer 12

adversely affect calcium metabolism, increase risk of certain infections, decreased absorption of certain nutrients (Vit B, mag, iron) and kidney problems such as interstitial nephritis

Question 13

benefits of PPIs

Answer 13

decrease the morbidity associated with increased gastric acid secretion and decrease the risk of esophageal damage and carcinoma associated with GERD

Question 14

what is the primary side effect of opioid derivatives

Answer 14

nausea, abdominal discomfort, constipation, and other GI disturbances
drowsiness, fatigue, and dizziness

Question 15

what is the difference between laxatives and cathartics?

Answer 15

both promote evacuation of the bowel but cathartics are more rapid

Question 16

adverse effects of laxatives

Answer 16

nausea and cramps
prolonged use: serious lower GI irritation including spastic colitis
fluid and electrolyte abnormalities
chronic administration: laxative dependence

Question 17

what are emetics and why are they used?

Answer 17

induce vomiting. used to help empty the stomach of poisons or ingested toxins
apomorphine and ipecac

Question 18

what are antiemetics and why are they used?

Answer 18

decrease nausea and vomiting associated with motion sickness, recovery from surgery, or other medical treatments such as chemotherapy and radiation treatments

Question 19

constipation and fecal impaction may be a recurrent and serious problem in patients with ___

Answer 19

spinal cord injuries

Question 20

true/false: most GI drugs produce significant side effects that will impair rehabilitation

Answer 20

false: most GI drugs do not produce any significant side effects that will impair rehabilitation