UNIT 4: Pediatrics and Geriatrics Flashcards
T or F: Getting down on pediatric patients level is important in gaining trust
True
Pediatrics range from
Premature infants to adolescents
Methods for pediatrics
-Behavioral cues
-Actively listen
-Understand parents and child
Pediatric- Premature/neonates (0-28 days old)
-Warming the room will help with comfort level
-Leaving the baby in the incubator until the last moment helps
-Warming lights being available could be helpful
-Always ensure oxygen and suction are available and working for all patients coming down to the department
-Newborns feel secure while swaddled
-Overstimulation and stress can be caused by bright lights, sudden movements and loud noises
-Never leave a baby unattended!
Pediatrics - Ages 3-5, what are some suggestions for getting good images for this age range?
Toys
Stickers
Rewards
Murals on the walls, music
Distraction of any kind
Pediatrics - Adolescents(12-18yrs)
What is the most important consideration when taking images on pre-adolescents and teenagers?
Privacy/Modesty and Sympathy
Patients with Special needs
-Difficulty with social interaction
-Problems communicating
-Repetitive behaviors/obsessive interests
How to handle:
-Get down on their level during introductions
-Ask parents for advice
-Keep them warm and protect modesty
-Avoid over-stimulation
-First or last appointment of the day
-Private waiting area if possible
-Be aware they may be very sensitive to touch
Pediatrics: RADIATION PROTECTION:
How can we reduce radiation exposure to these patients?
-Shielding
-Collimation
-NO repeats
-PA vs AP
-Pulsed fluoroscopy
B.E.R.T.
B: Background
E: Equivalent
R: Radiation
T: Time
Allows the amount of radiation received from a radiologic procedure to be expressed in terms of a certain number of days or years of background radiation (assumed to be 3 mSv/y).
Pediatrics - Image Gently
-The goal of this campaign is to change long-established practice by raising awareness about methods for lowering radiation dose during pediatric medical imaging examinations
When it comes to holding a pediatric patient, what is the proper order of individuals to choose from?
-Parent
-Rad technologist
-Personnel outside of radiology
-Rad student
Pediatrics chest x-ray
-PA: visualization of intervertebral disc spaces through heart shadow
-Midline check for rotation
-8-9 posterior ribs seen
Pediatrics - positioning aid
Pigg-o-stat:
-Helpful in holding child still
-Reduce repeat exams
Pediatrics - chest 2 view
Pediatrics - positioning errors
-First image is AP, which needs more of a downward angle on the tube
-Second image has artifacts on it (buttons from gown?)
Pediatrics - positioning errors
Chin should be lifted up and out of the way
Pediatrics - artifacts
-First image: wires
-Second image: swallowed button
Pediatrics - babygram
Abdomen x-ray for umbilical line placements
Pediatrics - mal positioned tubes
Pediatrics - babygram for foreign body
Pediatrics - specialty areas
-CT
-MRI
Geriatrics (65+ yrs old)
-Being patient and sometimes “loud” is important for cooperation
-Ageism is described as discrimination and stereotyping the elderly
-Nervous system issues is the most common disability over 65 years old
-Pneumonia is one of the leading cause of death in elderly
-No 2 people age the same way
Geriatrics definitions: Incontinence
inablity to control urine/bowel
Geriatrics definitions: Osteoarthritis
chronic deterioration of cartilage
Geriatrics definitions: Pneumonia
frequent type of lung infection
Geriatrics definitions: Osteoporosis
reduction in bone mass, prone to fx(fracture)
Geriatrics definitions: Emphysema
permanent destruction of alveoli
Geriatrics definitions: COPD-Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
leaves lungs unable to perform ventilation
Geriatrics: chest x-ray
-Wheelchair AP
-Stretcher AP
Geriatrics - kyphotic patients
-Difficulty positioning
-Mobility restrictions
Geriatrics - imaging
What are some considerations when imaging the elderly?
-Positioning tips
-Patient care
-Skin care
-Patience
-Use pads and handrails
When imaging a patient with decreased bone mass, what needs to happen to the exposure factors?
Decrease
When imaging a patient with congestive heart failure, what needs to happen to the exposure factors?
Increase
When imaging a patient with emphysema, what needs to happen to the exposure factors?
Decrease
What should you do about tremors and exposure time?
Increase kVp, decrease mAs so that the exposure time is faster
What if the patient is arthritic and cannot perform a certain exam?
Inform the doctor as to why they cant
Common fracture site for geriatrics
Distal radius
Neonate age range
0-28 days
Infant age range
28 days to 18 months
Toddler age range
18 months to 3 years
Preschool age range
3 to 5 years
School age range
6 to 12 years
Adolescent age range
12 to 18 years
Child abuse is often referred to as
Non accidental trauma
Progressive, irreversible mental disorder with loss of memory, deterioration of intellectual functions, speech and gait disturbances, and disorientation is known as:
Alzheimer’s
About 1/3 of all skeletal injuries found in children are at the ______________
Epiphyseal growth plate
Top 10 Chronic Conditions of 65+
•Arthritis
•Hypertension
•Hearing impairment
•Heart disease
•Cataracts
•Deformity or orthopedic impairment
•Chronic sinusitis
•Diabetes
•Visual impairment
•Varicose veins
Hyposmia
Loss of smell
Symptoms of anemia
➢Pale skin
➢Shortness of breath
➢Fatigue easily
Presbyopia
age-related farsightedness
common age-related condition of the musculoskeletal system
Osteoarthritis
