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SPRING 2024: Advanced Procedures > UNIT 4: Pediatrics and Geriatrics > Flashcards

UNIT 4: Pediatrics and Geriatrics Flashcards

1
Q

T or F: Getting down on pediatric patients level is important in gaining trust

A

True

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2
Q

Pediatrics range from

A

Premature infants to adolescents

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3
Q

Methods for pediatrics

A

-Behavioral cues
-Actively listen
-Understand parents and child

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4
Q

Pediatric- Premature/neonates (0-28 days old)

A

-Warming the room will help with comfort level
-Leaving the baby in the incubator until the last moment helps
-Warming lights being available could be helpful
-Always ensure oxygen and suction are available and working for all patients coming down to the department
-Newborns feel secure while swaddled
-Overstimulation and stress can be caused by bright lights, sudden movements and loud noises
-Never leave a baby unattended!

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5
Q

Pediatrics - Ages 3-5, what are some suggestions for getting good images for this age range?

A

Toys
Stickers
Rewards
Murals on the walls, music
Distraction of any kind

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6
Q

Pediatrics - Adolescents(12-18yrs)
What is the most important consideration when taking images on pre-adolescents and teenagers?

A

Privacy/Modesty and Sympathy

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7
Q

Patients with Special needs

A

-Difficulty with social interaction
-Problems communicating
-Repetitive behaviors/obsessive interests

How to handle:
-Get down on their level during introductions
-Ask parents for advice
-Keep them warm and protect modesty
-Avoid over-stimulation
-First or last appointment of the day
-Private waiting area if possible
-Be aware they may be very sensitive to touch

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8
Q

Pediatrics: RADIATION PROTECTION:
How can we reduce radiation exposure to these patients?

A

-Shielding
-Collimation
-NO repeats
-PA vs AP
-Pulsed fluoroscopy

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9
Q

B.E.R.T.

A

B: Background
E: Equivalent
R: Radiation
T: Time

Allows the amount of radiation received from a radiologic procedure to be expressed in terms of a certain number of days or years of background radiation (assumed to be 3 mSv/y).

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10
Q

Pediatrics - Image Gently

A

-The goal of this campaign is to change long-established practice by raising awareness about methods for lowering radiation dose during pediatric medical imaging examinations

When it comes to holding a pediatric patient, what is the proper order of individuals to choose from?
-Parent
-Rad technologist
-Personnel outside of radiology
-Rad student

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11
Q

Pediatrics chest x-ray

A

-PA: visualization of intervertebral disc spaces through heart shadow
-Midline check for rotation
-8-9 posterior ribs seen

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12
Q

Pediatrics - positioning aid

A

Pigg-o-stat:
-Helpful in holding child still
-Reduce repeat exams

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13
Q

Pediatrics - chest 2 view

A
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14
Q

Pediatrics - positioning errors

A

-First image is AP, which needs more of a downward angle on the tube
-Second image has artifacts on it (buttons from gown?)

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15
Q

Pediatrics - positioning errors

A

Chin should be lifted up and out of the way

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16
Q

Pediatrics - artifacts

A

-First image: wires
-Second image: swallowed button

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17
Q

Pediatrics - babygram

A

Abdomen x-ray for umbilical line placements

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18
Q

Pediatrics - mal positioned tubes

A
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19
Q

Pediatrics - babygram for foreign body

A
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20
Q

Pediatrics - specialty areas

A

-CT
-MRI

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21
Q

Geriatrics (65+ yrs old)

A

-Being patient and sometimes “loud” is important for cooperation
-Ageism is described as discrimination and stereotyping the elderly
-Nervous system issues is the most common disability over 65 years old
-Pneumonia is one of the leading cause of death in elderly
-No 2 people age the same way

22
Q

Geriatrics definitions: Incontinence

A

inablity to control urine/bowel

23
Q

Geriatrics definitions: Osteoarthritis

A

chronic deterioration of cartilage

24
Q

Geriatrics definitions: Pneumonia

A

frequent type of lung infection

25
Q

Geriatrics definitions: Osteoporosis

A

reduction in bone mass, prone to fx(fracture)

26
Q

Geriatrics definitions: Emphysema

A

permanent destruction of alveoli

27
Q

Geriatrics definitions: COPD-Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

A

leaves lungs unable to perform ventilation

28
Q

Geriatrics: chest x-ray

A

-Wheelchair AP
-Stretcher AP

29
Q

Geriatrics - kyphotic patients

A

-Difficulty positioning
-Mobility restrictions

30
Q

Geriatrics - imaging
What are some considerations when imaging the elderly?

A

-Positioning tips
-Patient care
-Skin care
-Patience
-Use pads and handrails

31
Q

When imaging a patient with decreased bone mass, what needs to happen to the exposure factors?

A

Decrease

32
Q

When imaging a patient with congestive heart failure, what needs to happen to the exposure factors?

A

Increase

33
Q

When imaging a patient with emphysema, what needs to happen to the exposure factors?

A

Decrease

34
Q

What should you do about tremors and exposure time?

A

Increase kVp, decrease mAs so that the exposure time is faster

35
Q

What if the patient is arthritic and cannot perform a certain exam?

A

Inform the doctor as to why they cant

36
Q

Common fracture site for geriatrics

A

Distal radius

37
Q

Neonate age range

A

0-28 days

38
Q

Infant age range

A

28 days to 18 months

39
Q

Toddler age range

A

18 months to 3 years

40
Q

Preschool age range

A

3 to 5 years

41
Q

School age range

A

6 to 12 years

42
Q

Adolescent age range

A

12 to 18 years

43
Q

Child abuse is often referred to as

A

Non accidental trauma

44
Q

Progressive, irreversible mental disorder with loss of memory, deterioration of intellectual functions, speech and gait disturbances, and disorientation is known as:

A

Alzheimer’s

45
Q

About 1/3 of all skeletal injuries found in children are at the ______________

A

Epiphyseal growth plate

46
Q

Top 10 Chronic Conditions of 65+

A

•Arthritis
•Hypertension
•Hearing impairment
•Heart disease
•Cataracts
•Deformity or orthopedic impairment
•Chronic sinusitis
•Diabetes
•Visual impairment
•Varicose veins

47
Q

Hyposmia

A

Loss of smell

48
Q

Symptoms of anemia

A

➢Pale skin
➢Shortness of breath
➢Fatigue easily

49
Q

Presbyopia

A

age-related farsightedness

50
Q

common age-related condition of the musculoskeletal system

A

Osteoarthritis

SPRING 2024: Advanced Procedures (25 decks)

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