UNIT 2: REPRODUCTIVE ANATOMY AND PROCEDURES

Question 1

MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

Answer 1

• TESTES (2)
• EPIDIDYMIS
• DUCTUS DEFERENS
• PROSTATE
• EJACULATORY DUCTS
• SEMINAL VESICLES
• BULBOURETHRAL GLANDS

Question 2

Male Reproductive Tract Images

Answer 2

Question 3

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

Answer 3

-OVARIES (2)
-UTERINE TUBES
-UTERUS
-VAGINA

Question 4

OVARIES

Answer 4

• 2 GLANDULAR ORGANS NEAR LATERAL WALL OF THE PELVIS
• CONTROL MENSTRUAL CYCLE
• STORES AND EMITS OVA
• 2 LAYERS OF TISSUE
-MEDULLA
-CORTEX
• CONTAINS THE OVA
• OVUM MATURES AND BREAKS THROUGH THE CORTEX INTO THE PERITONEAL CAVITY DURING OVULATION

Question 5

UTERINE TUBES

Answer 5

• ALSO KNOWN AS FALLOPIAN TUBES (2)
• COLLECT OVA AND CONVEY TO UTERINE CAVITY
• 3-5 INCHES LONG
• 3 SECTIONS:
-ISTHMUS
-AMPULLA
-INFUNDIBULUM
• FIMBRIAE (FINGER-LIKE)
• CILIA ARE HAIRLIKE PROJECTIONS INSIDE THE TUBES THAT HELP MOVE THE OVA DOWN THE TUBE
• PERISTALSIS PUSHES THE OVA DOWN THE TUBE

Question 6

UTERUS

Answer 6

• LIES POSTERIOR AND SUPERIOR TO THE URINARY BLADDER AND ANTERIOR TO THE RECTUM
• RECEIVES AND RETAINS FERTILIZED OVUM UNTIL DEVELOPMENT OF FETUS IS COMPLETE
• 4 PARTS:
• FUNDUS
• BODY
• ISTHMUS
• CERVIX
• ENDOMETRIUM IS THE MUCOSAL LINING OF THE UTERUS THAT SHEDS DURING MENSTRUATION

Question 7

PROSTATE CANCER TREATMENT

Answer 7

RADIATION SEEDS CAN BE INSERTED INTO THE PROSTATE IN SURGERY USING ULTRASOUND AND FLUOROSCOPIC GUIDANCE

Question 8

RADIOGRAPHY OF THE FEMALE HYSTEROSALPINGOGRAPHY - HSG REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Exam Preparation

Answer 8

-INTRODUCTION OF RADIOPAQUE CONTRAST MEDIA WITH ASEPTIC TECHNIQUE
-WATER-SOLUBLE OR OIL BASED MEDIA CAN BE USED SINCE THE CONTRAST DOES NOT ENTER THE BLOOD STREAM

-EXAM PREPARATION:
-LAXATIVE THE EVENING PRIOR
-CLEANSING ENEMA MORNING OF
-MEAL PRIOR TO EXAM IS WITHHELD
-BLADDER EMPTIED JUST PRIOR TO EXAM
-PROCEDURES SHOULD BE PERFORMED 10 DAYS AFTER MENSTRUATION BEGINS TO ENSURE PATIENT IS NOT PREGNANT AND ENDOMETRIUM IS THE LEAST CONGESTED

Question 9

What is an HSG done for?

Answer 9

• TO DETERMINE THE SIZE, SHAPE, AND POSITION OF THE UTERUS AND UTERINE TUBES, DIAGNOSE PRESENCE OF LESIONS WITHIN THE UTERINE LINING, AND INVESTIGATE PATENCY OF UTERINE TUBES

Question 10

HSG Procedure

Answer 10

• SCOUT IMAGE OBTAINED (AP BLADDER FILM)
• PATIENT IN LITHOTOMY POSITION WITH KNEES FLEXED OVER LEG RESTS
• PHYSICIAN INSERTS SPECULUM AND CLEANS THE CERVIX WITH STERILE SOLUTION
• UTERINE CANNULA IS INSERTED INTO THE CERVIX AND INFLATES A BALLOON TO STABILIZE THE CATHETER
• ROOM TEMPERATURE OPAQUE CONTRAST MEDIUM INJECTED INTO UTERINE CAVITY

Question 11

HSG RADIOGRAPH

Answer 11

• 10 X 12 CASSETTE LW IN THE BUCKY
• PATIENT IS SUPINE ON THE RADIOGRAPHY TABLE
• CENTRAL RAY IS PERPENDICULAR TO THE MSP AT A POINT MIDWAY BETWEEN THE ASIS AND THE PUBIC SYMPHYSIS

Question 12

HSG Contrast Media

Answer 12

• CONTRAST MATERIAL FLOWS THROUGH THE UTERINE TUBES AND SPILLS INTO THE PERITONEAL CAVITY
• FILLING DEFECT IN TUBES MAY INDICATE SCAR TISSUE OR MUCOUS BUILD-UP
• FILLING DEFECT IN UTERUS MAY INDICATE LESIONS SUCH AS TUMORS OR POLYPS

Question 13

HSG Blocked Fallopian Tube

Answer 13

Question 14

IMAGING FOR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES

Answer 14

• PERMANENT INTRAUTERINE DEVICES CAN BE PLACED BY AN OBGYN DURING AN OUTPATIENT PROCEDURE
• DEVICES MAY BE PLACED IN THE FALLOPIAN TUBES TO ENSURE TUBES ARE NO LONGER PATENT AND WILL NOT ALLOW AN OVA TO BECOME FERTILIZED
• APPROXIMATELY 3 MONTHS AFTER INSERTION, WOMEN WILL OFTEN HAVE AN HSG TO ENSURE DEVICE IS FUNCTIONING PROPERLY

Question 15

VAGINOGRAPHY

Answer 15

• USED TO IMAGE CONGENITAL MALFORMATIONS AND PATHOLOGY OF THE VAGINA
• THIN BARIUM OR IODINATED CONTRAST AGENTS CAN BE USED
• BARIUM MUST BE COMPLETELY EXPELLED PRIOR TO PATIENT’S RELEASE

Question 16

Vaginography Fistulas

Answer 16

Question 17

HISTORICAL PROCEDURES

Answer 17

-PELVIC PNEUMOGRAPHY PERFORMED BY INJECTING CARBON DIOXIDE INTO THE PERITONEAL CAVITY
-FETOGRAPHY IS AN EXAMINATION OF THE FETUS IN UTERO TO DETECT ABNORMALITIES OR CONFIRM MULTIPLE PREGNANCIES
-PELVIMETRY PERFORMED TO DEMONSTRATE THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE MATERNAL PELVIS TO COMPARE WITH THE SIZE OF THE FETAL HEAD
-PLACENTOGRAPHY PERFORMED TO LOCATE THE PLACENTA IN CASES OF SUSPECTED PLACENTA PREVIA

Question 18

Nulliparous uterus means

Answer 18

the uterus of a woman who has not given birth

Question 19

The distal orifice of the uterus is called the

Answer 19

Uterine ostium

Question 20

The mucosal lining of the uterine cavity is called the

Answer 20

Endometrium

Question 21

What are the 3 layers of the uterus

Answer 21

-Endometrium: inner lining
-Myometrium: muscle
-Perimetrium: outer layer

Question 22

Infundibulum is also known as the

Answer 22

Fimbriae