FACIAL BONES VIEWS

Question 1

Facial bones anatomy pictures

Answer 1

Question 2

LATERAL Positioning

Answer 2

-IR: 10 x 12
-Patient Position: Seated or recumbent with body in RAO or LAO position
-Part Position: True Lateral
-MSP parallel with IR
-IPL perpendicular to IR
-IOML perpendicular to front edge of IR
-Respiration: Suspend
-CR: Perpendicular entering the lateral surface of the zygomatic bone, halfway between outer canthus and EAM
-Collimation: 6x10

Question 3

LATERAL Evaluation Criteria

Answer 3

-Structures Demonstrated:
Lateral projection of facial bones, with right and left sides superimposed

-Evaluation Criteria:
-Proper collimation
-All facial bones in entirety, with zygomatic bone in the center
-No rotation or tilting
-Sella turcica in profile
-Superimposed orbital roofs & mandibular rami

Question 4

PA AXIAL CALDWELL Positioning

Answer 4

-IR: 10 x 12, LW
-Patient Position: Prone or seated, MSP centered and perpendicular to IR
-Part Position:
-Rest patient’s forehead and nose on IR
-Center nasion to IR
-OML perpendicular to IR
-Respiration: Suspended
-CR: 15 degree caudal, exiting the nasion
-Collimation: 8x10

Question 5

PA AXIAL CALDWELL Evaluation Criteria

Answer 5

-Structures Demonstrated:
-Orbital rims, maxillae, nasal septum, zygomatic bones and anterior nasal spine
-Petrous ridges projected in lower third of orbits

-Evaluation Criteria:
-Entire orbits and facial bones
-No rotation or tilt
-Lateral border of skull equidistant to lateral border of orbits
-MSP of head aligned with long axis of collimated field
-Symmetric Petrous ridges in lower third of orbits

Question 6

PARIETOACANTHIAL (WATERS) Positioning

Answer 6

-IR: 10 x 12, LW
-Patient Position:
-Seated, upright or prone
-MSP centered to midline of grid
-Part Position:
-Hyperextend patient’s neck and rest patient’s chin on IR
-Center acanthion to grid
-MML is approximately perpendicular to grid
-Avg. nose is ¾” away from IR
-OML forms 37 degree angle to IR
-CR: Perpendicular, exiting the acanthion
-Collimation: 8x10

Question 7

PARIETOACANTHIAL (WATERS) Evaluation Criteria

Answer 7

-Structures Demonstrated:
-Orbits, maxillae, and zygomatic arches

-Evaluation Criteria:
-Entire orbits and facial bones
** -Petrous ridges lying immediately inferior to maxillary sinuses**
-No rotation or tilt of head
-Distances between the lateral borders of the skull and the orbits are equidistant
-MSP of head aligned with long axis of collimated field

Question 8

MODIFIED PARIETOACANTHIAL (MODIFIED WATERS AKA SHALLOW WATERS) Positioning and Evaluation Criteria

Answer 8

All else same as Waters except:
-Part Position:
-Same as Waters, but with less head extension
-OML forms 55 degree angle with IR

-Evaluation Criteria:
-Petrous ridges imaged immediately inferior to orbits

Question 9

MODIFIED PARIETOACANTHIAL (MODIFIED WATERS AKA SHALLOW WATERS) best shows…

Answer 9

“Blow Out Fractures” by placing the orbital floor perpendicular to the IR and placing the orbital floor parallel to the CR

Question 10

ACANTHIOPARIETAL (REVERSE WATERS) Positioning

Answer 10

-Used when patient can not be placed in prone position
-IR: 10 x 12, LW
-Patient and Part Position:
-Patient supine, MSP perpendicular and centered to grid
-Extend patient’s neck until MML is approximately perpendicular to IR
-OML forms a 37 degree angle with the plane of the IR
-CR: Perpendicular, entering at the acanthion
-Collimation: 8x10

Question 11

ACANTHIOPARIETAL (REVERSE WATERS) Evaluation Criteria

Answer 11

Structures Demonstrated:
-Superior facial bones
-The facial structures are more magnified than Waters

Evaluation Criteria:
-Entire orbits and facial bones
-No rotation or tilt
-Lateral border of skull is equidistant to lateral border of orbits
-MSP of head aligned with long axis of collimated field
-Petrous ridges projected below the maxillary sinuses