FACIAL BONES VIEWS Flashcards
Facial bones anatomy pictures
LATERAL Positioning
-IR: 10 x 12
-Patient Position: Seated or recumbent with body in RAO or LAO position
-Part Position: True Lateral
-MSP parallel with IR
-IPL perpendicular to IR
-IOML perpendicular to front edge of IR
-Respiration: Suspend
-CR: Perpendicular entering the lateral surface of the zygomatic bone, halfway between outer canthus and EAM
-Collimation: 6x10
LATERAL Evaluation Criteria
-Structures Demonstrated:
Lateral projection of facial bones, with right and left sides superimposed
-Evaluation Criteria:
-Proper collimation
-All facial bones in entirety, with zygomatic bone in the center
-No rotation or tilting
-Sella turcica in profile
-Superimposed orbital roofs & mandibular rami
PA AXIAL CALDWELL Positioning
-IR: 10 x 12, LW
-Patient Position: Prone or seated, MSP centered and perpendicular to IR
-Part Position:
-Rest patient’s forehead and nose on IR
-Center nasion to IR
-OML perpendicular to IR
-Respiration: Suspended
-CR: 15 degree caudal, exiting the nasion
-Collimation: 8x10
PA AXIAL CALDWELL Evaluation Criteria
-Structures Demonstrated:
-Orbital rims, maxillae, nasal septum, zygomatic bones and anterior nasal spine
-Petrous ridges projected in lower third of orbits
-Evaluation Criteria:
-Entire orbits and facial bones
-No rotation or tilt
-Lateral border of skull equidistant to lateral border of orbits
-MSP of head aligned with long axis of collimated field
-Symmetric Petrous ridges in lower third of orbits
PARIETOACANTHIAL (WATERS) Positioning
-IR: 10 x 12, LW
-Patient Position:
-Seated, upright or prone
-MSP centered to midline of grid
-Part Position:
-Hyperextend patient’s neck and rest patient’s chin on IR
-Center acanthion to grid
-MML is approximately perpendicular to grid
-Avg. nose is ¾” away from IR
-OML forms 37 degree angle to IR
-CR: Perpendicular, exiting the acanthion
-Collimation: 8x10
PARIETOACANTHIAL (WATERS) Evaluation Criteria
-Structures Demonstrated:
-Orbits, maxillae, and zygomatic arches
-Evaluation Criteria:
-Entire orbits and facial bones
** -Petrous ridges lying immediately inferior to maxillary sinuses**
-No rotation or tilt of head
-Distances between the lateral borders of the skull and the orbits are equidistant
-MSP of head aligned with long axis of collimated field
MODIFIED PARIETOACANTHIAL (MODIFIED WATERS AKA SHALLOW WATERS) Positioning and Evaluation Criteria
All else same as Waters except:
-Part Position:
-Same as Waters, but with less head extension
-OML forms 55 degree angle with IR
-Evaluation Criteria:
-Petrous ridges imaged immediately inferior to orbits
MODIFIED PARIETOACANTHIAL (MODIFIED WATERS AKA SHALLOW WATERS) best shows…
“Blow Out Fractures” by placing the orbital floor perpendicular to the IR and placing the orbital floor parallel to the CR
ACANTHIOPARIETAL (REVERSE WATERS) Positioning
-Used when patient can not be placed in prone position
-IR: 10 x 12, LW
-Patient and Part Position:
-Patient supine, MSP perpendicular and centered to grid
-Extend patient’s neck until MML is approximately perpendicular to IR
-OML forms a 37 degree angle with the plane of the IR
-CR: Perpendicular, entering at the acanthion
-Collimation: 8x10
ACANTHIOPARIETAL (REVERSE WATERS) Evaluation Criteria
Structures Demonstrated:
-Superior facial bones
-The facial structures are more magnified than Waters
Evaluation Criteria:
-Entire orbits and facial bones
-No rotation or tilt
-Lateral border of skull is equidistant to lateral border of orbits
-MSP of head aligned with long axis of collimated field
-Petrous ridges projected below the maxillary sinuses