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BIO8 - Cell and Molecular Biology > Unit 4 (Part 2). Nucleus > Flashcards

Unit 4 (Part 2). Nucleus Flashcards

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1
Q

DNA replication is describe as

A

SEMICONSERVATIVE

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2
Q

Replication always starts at
specific locations on the
DNA, which are
called

A

origins of replication

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3
Q

DNA double helix acts as a
_______ for the synthesis of
a new, complementary
strand.

A

template

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4
Q

In E.coli, origin is
about ____ base pairs long.

A

245

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5
Q

Two Y-shaped structures
called _______ forming ________

A

replication
forks
replication
bubble

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6
Q

THeSis PDOLLi [DNA replication process (analysis)]

A
  1. Topoisomerase - relieves unwinding strain ahead of replication forks by breaking, swiveling and rejoining DNA strands
  2. Helicase - unwind parental double helix at replication fork
  3. Single-strand binding protein - binds to and stabilizes single-stranded DNA until it is used as a template
  4. Primase - synthesizes RNA primer from 5’ end of leading strand and 5’ end of each Okazaki fragments of lagging strand
  5. DNA POLYMERASE (1) DNA pol III - synthesizes new DNA strand by adding nucleotides to an RNA primer or pre-existing DNA nucleotides
    (2) DNA pol I - removes RNA nucleotides of primer and replaces them with DNA nucleotides
  6. DNA Ligase - joins Okazaki fragments of lagging strand
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7
Q

Relieves unwinding strain ahead of replication forks by breaking, swiveling and rejoining DNA strands

A

Topoisomerase

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8
Q

Unwind parental double helix at replication fork

A

Helicase

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9
Q

binds to and stabilizes single-stranded DNA until it is used as a template

A

Single-strand binding protein -

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10
Q

synthesizes RNA primer from 5’ end of leading strand and 5’ end of each Okazaki fragments of lagging strand

A

Primase

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11
Q

synthesizes new DNA strand by adding nucleotides to an RNA primer or pre-existing DNA nucleotides

A

DNA polymerase III

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12
Q

removes RNA nucleotides of primer and replaces them with DNA nucleotides

A

DNA polymerase I

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13
Q

joins Okazaki fragments of lagging strand

A

DNA Ligase

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14
Q

Which statement is INCORRECT about the importance of DNA replication

A. DNA replication makes an exact copy.
B. DNA must be replicated everytime a cell
divides.
C. Replication ensures that the correct genetic
information is passed on from cell to cell and
generation to generation.
D. Errors in replication can cause mutation, thus
replication is low fidelity.
E. It is essential for the continuation of life.

A

D
low fidelity —-> high fidelity

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15
Q

Stages of RNA Synthesis / Transcription (3)

A

Initiation Stage
Elongation Stage
Termination Stage

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16
Q

RNA is Composed of:

A

➢Sugar (ribose)
➢Phosphate
➢Phosphodiester linkage
➢Nitrogenous bases:
A,G,U,C

17
Q
  • protein coding regions?
  • protein non-coding regions?
A

Exons
Introns

18
Q

In transcription, the addition _______ of _________ and

A

5’ cap
3’ poly A tail

19
Q

Intron Splicing
occurs by using

A

spliceosome

20
Q

mRNA nitrogenous bases are grouped into three called

A

codons

21
Q

How many codons in the genetic code?

A

64

22
Q

Start codon?
Stop codons?

A

AUG (methionine)
UGA, UAG, UAA

23
Q

Which statement is not true about initiation stage of protein synthesis/translation?

A. Small ribosomal unit attached to the start codon of mRNA.
B. Amino acid brought by specific rRNA
C. tRNA anticodon will complement with the mRNA codon.
D. Attachment of the large ribosomal unit
(with A, P, and E sites) completing the translation complex.

A

B.
Amino acid brought by specific [tRNA]

24
Q

exit site of uncharged tRNA

A

E site

25
Q

where the peptide bond between amino acid
formed

A

P site (Peptidyl tRNA binding site)

26
Q

receiving the incoming amino acid

A

A site (Aminoacyl tRNA binding site)

27
Q

elongation stops when it reaches the stop codons (UGA, UAG, UAA).

A

Termination Stage

28
Q

Gene rapair fix the following problems: (3)

A

• Base mismatches and mismatch repairs
• Base Excision Repair
• Nucleotide Excision Repair

29
Q

Mechanism for Double strand Break (2)

A

• Homologous recombination
• Non-homologous end joining

30
Q

A mechanism of gene rrpair that can cause
mixed up

A

Non-homologous end joining

BIO8 - Cell and Molecular Biology (5 decks)

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