Unit 4 (Part 1). Nucleus

Question 1

T or F
Discovery of DNA structure and function is a
collaborative work.

Answer 1

T

Question 2

DNA itself was identified by Swiss chemist named

Answer 2

Friedrich Miescher

Question 3

While studying white blood cells, Miescher found that a molecule is
slightly acidic, high percentage of
phosphorous, later he called it

Answer 3

“nuclein”,
[changed to nucleic acid- deoxyribonucleic
acid or DNA]

Question 4

What makes nuclein different from protein? (2)

Answer 4

• much higher phosphorous content
• resistance to proteolysis (protein digestion)

Question 5

Discovered three major
components of a single nucleotide
(phosphate-sugar-base)

Answer 5

Phoebus Levene

Question 6

He discovered that nucleotide composition of DNA varies among species,
A=T, G=C

Answer 6

Erwin Chargaff

Question 7

x-ray crystallography (2)

Answer 7

Rosalind Franklin and Maurice
Wilkins

Question 8

double
stranded DNA, Nature in April 1953
1962: Nobel Prize in
Physiology and Medicine

Answer 8

James Watson and Francis Crick

Question 9

Groundbreaking experiments by (4) disproved
the notion that proteins were genetic material.

Answer 9

Griffith, Avery, Hershey, and Chase

Question 10

Something from the dead type S bacteria was transforming the type
R bacteria and S. Griffith called this process

Answer 10

Transformation

Question 11

He contributed the following:
➢1950: X-ray diffraction work on ram sperm and DNA from
➢With grad student ____________
produced x-ray
➢photographs of DNA showing
crystalline structure
➢These photographs, shown at a
conference in Naples,
➢sparked James Watson’s interest in DNA

Answer 11

Maurice Wilkins
Raymond Gosling

Question 12

He quoted, “We realized that if DNA was the gene material, then we
had just shown that genes
could crystalize…”

Answer 12

Raymond Gosling

Question 13

Previously worked on x-ray
diffraction patterns in coal and
carbon
fiber technology in Paris

Answer 13

Rosalind Franklin

Question 14

It was taken by Raymond Gosling as instructed by Wilkins, which given to Watson

Answer 14

Photograph 51

Question 15

• MAIN CONTRI - proposed 3-chain helix with a sugar-phosphate backbone core and nucleic bases facing outward
  ● American chemist, biochemist, peace
  activist
  ● Contributions to science include
  discovery of alpha helix
  and beta sheet structure of proteins,
  quantum chemistry
  resonance work and the discovery of
  sickle cell anemia as
  a molecular disease
  ● “The Nature of the Chemical Bond”
  ● Considered to be one of the 20 greatest
  scientists of all
  Time.

Answer 15

Linus Pauling