Unit 4 Middle Ages Flashcards
What was the period of the Middle Ages?
600 - 1400
What group of Europeans are most likely to be educated?
Upper - Class Men
Who was responsible for bringing Christianity to the Franks?
- Charlemagne wanted to spread Christianity to all Germanic tribes that had not yet converted
- To achieve his goals he began fighting wars against other Germanic tribes
During the Middle Ages, Europe was threatened by groups of invaders from Scandinavia known as? And why was this group so successful?
The Vikings
This group was so successful because of the advanced technology in their weapons.
What was the basis under power feudalism?
The government was based on control of land
What were peasants’ roles?
- not permitted to own land
- lived under the protection of the lord
- Peasants worked on land
- Provided food and service for upper-class
People were tried by the Inquisition for
The Inquisition had jurisdiction only over Christians. It had no power to investigate, prosecute, or convict Jews, Muslims, or any open member of other religions.
What did knights trade in return for military service?
Traded for land or fief
What was one of the methods that the Church punished individuals of Medival Europe?
Burning at the stake
What was the main goal of the Crusades?
Recover Jerusalem and “The Holy Land” from the Muslims. (Gain access)
What is the name of England’s legislative (law-making) body which limited the power of the king but extended rights to the people?
The Parliament of England
What did the Magna Carta guarantee?
- No new taxes unless a common counsel agrees.
- All free men have the right to justice and a fair trial with a jury.
- The Monarch doesn’t have absolute power.
How much of the population did the Balck plaque wipe out?
30 - 50 %
Half the population
What was a monotheistic religion that was founded by Mohammad in modern-day Saudi Arabia?
Islam
What is a serf and their role in the feudal system?
A serf was a labor who was bound to their king’s land. They grew crops and tended to the land.
What were the roles and status of kings and Popes in Medieval society?
Ruled most of European society.
Popes had spiritual power, while kings had political power.
Defintion of Canon Law
- A church’s set of laws is how the Church organizes and governs itself.
- Defines and protects the rights and responsibilities of all people, according to their status in the Church.
What did the Crusades lead to?
-Christians were given more access to holy sites but never gained control over territory.
-Muslims saw this as an invasion of their sovereign territory and it left a bitter legacy between the two groups for hundreds of years.
What was the three-field system?
The three-field system is crop rotation in which a field is planted with one set of crops one year, a different set in the second year, and left fallow in the third year.
How did feudalism work?
Horizontal relationship within the people (Even)
If somebody provides service to someone else, that person who provided a service back.
What were the roles of people involved in the feudal system?
- Kings grant land (fief) to nobles (lords/vessels) in return for military support
- Lords become more powerful than kings -> increased land holdings
- Lacked strong central authority
- Lords rule over their own lands
What are some of the reasons the Middle Ages came to an end?
- Black Death
- One Hundred-Year War
- The Great Schism
- Little Ice Age
What was the feudal hierarchy?
- Kings/Pope
- Lords/ Vassals
- Knights
- Peasants/ Serfs
