Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology Thomas Bull > Unit 4 list 1 Evolution TjB > Flashcards

Unit 4 list 1 Evolution TjB Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Amino acid sequencing

A

The process of identifying the arrangement of amino acids in proteins and peptides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Analogous structure

A

Features of different species that are similar in function but not necessarily in structure and which do not derive from a common ancestral feature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Anatomy

A

The study of the structure of a plant or animal.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Biochemical evidence

A

Biochemical evidence of evolution is based on the fact that certain enzymes and chemical processes are found in the cells of all or nearly all life on Earth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Biogeography

A

The branch of biology that deals with the geographical distribution of plants and animals.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Cladogram

A

A branching tree diagram that shows ancestral relationships among organisms.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Common ancestry

A

having descended from one ancestor.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Descent with modification

A

The idea that species change over time, give rise to new species, and share a common ancestor.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

DNA sequencing

A

The general laboratory technique for determining the exact sequence of nucleotides, or bases, in a DNA molecule.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Electrophoresis

A

Electrophoresis is a laboratory technique used to separate DNA, RNA, or protein molecules based on their size and electrical charge.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

embryo

A

Early stage in the development of humans and other animals or plants.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

embryology

A

The study of development of an embryo from the stage of ovum fertilization through to the fetal stage.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Evolutionary tree

A

Portrays the evolutionary relationships among groups of plants, animals and all other forms of life.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Fossil record

A

A collection of fossils documenting the history of life on Earth.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Homologous structure

A

Similar physical features in organisms that share a common ancestor, but the features serve completely different functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Homology

A

In biology, homology refers to the similarity of the structure, physiology, or development of various species of other organisms as a result of their shared evolutionary parent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Paleontology

A

Paleontology is the study of the history of life on Earth as based on fossils.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Phenotypic similarity

A

A measure of functional redundancy within homologous gene families

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Phylogeny

A

The evolutionary history of the development of a species or of a taxonomic group of organisms.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Phylogenetic tree

A

A diagram that depicts the lines of evolutionary descent of different species, organisms, or genes from a common ancestor

21
Q

Vestigial structures

A

A feature that a species inherited from an ancestor but that is now less elaborate and functional than in the ancestor

22
Q

Sedimentary layers

A

Beds of rock formed from formed from pre-existing rocks or pieces of once-living organisms.

23
Q

Adaptation

A

The act of changing something or changing your behavior to make it suitable for a new purpose or situation.

24
Q

Behavior

A

The change in activity of an organism in response to a stimulus.

25
Q

Competition

A

Competition is an interaction between organisms or species in which both require a resource that is in limited supply

26
Q

Fitness

A

An organism’s ability to pass its genetic material to its offspring.

27
Q

Gene pool

A

A gene pool is a collection of all the genes in a population.

28
Q

genetic variation

A

A term used to describe the variation in the DNA sequence in each of our genomes.

29
Q

Geographic isolation

A

A term used to describe the physical separation of populations of organisms from one another due to geographical barriers.

30
Q

Morphology

A

a branch of biology that studies the external and internal structures of living things.

31
Q

Natural selection

A

Organisms that are more adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and pass on the genes that aided their success.

32
Q

Phenotypic expression

A

The observable characteristics in an organism that results from the expression of genes

33
Q

Physiology

A

The branch of biology that deals with the normal functions of living organisms and their parts.

34
Q

Population

A

All the organisms of the same group or species that live in a specific area and are capable of breeding among themselves.

35
Q

reproductive isolation

A

A breakdown in the ability to reproduce successfully with sexual partners of another type of organism

36
Q

Sexual selection

A

The process by which individuals compete for access to mates and fertilization opportunities.

37
Q

Speciation

A

How a new kind of plant or animal species is created.

38
Q

Species

A

A group of living organisms consisting of similar individuals capable of exchanging genes or interbreeding.

39
Q

Trait

A

A specific characteristic of an individual.

40
Q

Coevolution

A

Coevolution occurs when species evolve together.

41
Q

Convergent evolution

A

Convergent evolution occurs when organisms that aren’t closely related evolve similar features or behaviours, often as solutions to the same problems.

42
Q

Divergent evolution

A

Divergent evolution represents the evolutionary pattern in which species sharing a common ancestry become more distinct due to differential selection pressure

43
Q

Founder effect

A

The founder effect is the reduction in genetic variation that results when a small subset of a large population is used to establish a new colony.

44
Q

Gene flow

A

Any movement of individuals, and/or the genetic material they carry, from one population to another.

45
Q

Gene frequency

A

The fraction or percentage of a population that carries allele (i.e., one type of a gene variant) at a particular locus.

46
Q

Gene pool

A

The combination of all the genes (including alleles) present in a reproducing population or species.

47
Q

Genetic drift

A

The change in frequency of an existing gene variant in the population due to random chance.

48
Q

Geologic record

A

A representation of time based on the rock record of Earth

Biology Thomas Bull (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions