Unit 3 List 1 DNA and Heredity TjB

Question 1

Adenine

Answer 1

A chemical compound that is used to make one of the building blocks of DNA and RNA.

Question 2

Amino Acid

Answer 2

Amino acids are molecules that combine to form proteins.

Question 3

Anticodon

Answer 3

a sequence of three nucleotides forming a unit of genetic code in a transfer RNA molecule, corresponding to a complementary codon in messenger RNA.

Question 4

Cell Types

Answer 4

A cell type is a classification used to identify cells that share morphological or phenotypical features.

Question 5

cell differentiation

Answer 5

The process during which young, immature (unspecialized) cells take on individual characteristics and reach their mature (specialized) form and function.

Question 6

Chromosome

Answer 6

a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.

Question 7

Codon

Answer 7

a sequence of three DNA or RNA nucleotides that corresponds with a specific amino acid or stop signal during protein synthesis.

Question 8

Cytoplasm

Answer 8

The gelatinous liquid that fills the inside of a cell.

Question 9

Cytosine

Answer 9

A chemical compound that is used to make one of the building blocks of DNA and RNA. It is a pyrimidine and pairs with guanine.

Question 10

Deoxyribose

Answer 10

A sugar that has five carbon atoms and four oxygen atoms in each molecule and is part of DNA

Question 11

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

Answer 11

A molecule that contains the genetic code that is unique to every individual.

Question 12

Double helix

Answer 12

A term used to describe the physical structure of DNA.

Question 13

Endoplasmic reticulum (smooth and rough)

Answer 13

A network of membranes inside a cell through which proteins and other molecules move.

Question 14

enzyme

Answer 14

A substance produced by a living organism which acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction.

Question 15

Gene

Answer 15

The basic unit of heredity passed from parent to child.

Question 16

Golgi apparatus

Answer 16

A cell organelle that helps process and package proteins and lipid molecules, especially proteins destined to be exported from the cell.

Question 17

Guanine

Answer 17

A chemical compound that is used to make one of the building blocks of DNA and RNA. It is a type of purine and pairs with cytosine.

Question 18

Hydrogen Bond

Answer 18

An attraction between two atoms that already participate in other chemical bonds.

Question 19

mRNA

Answer 19

A molecule that contains the instructions or recipe that directs the cells to make a protein using its natural machinery.

Question 20

Mutation

Answer 20

Any change in the DNA sequence of a cell.

Question 21

Nitrogenous bases

Answer 21

Nitrogen containing organic compounds that form an important part of the nucleic acids.

Question 22

Nuclear membrane

Answer 22

A double layer that encloses the cell’s nucleus, where the chromosomes reside.

Question 23

Nucleic acid

Answer 23

A complex organic substance present in living cells, especially DNA or RNA, whose molecules consist of many nucleotides linked in a long chain.

Question 24

Nucleotide

Answer 24

The basic building block of nucleic acids (RNA and DNA)

Question 25

Nucleus

Answer 25

The membrane-enclosed organelle within a cell that contains the chromosomes.

Question 26

Peptide bond

Answer 26

The vital links that connect amino acids to form polypeptide chains, which fold into functional proteins.

Question 27

Phosphate group

Answer 27

A phosphorus atom bound to four oxygen atoms.

Question 28

Polypeptides

Answer 28

Biomaterials composed of repeating amino acid units linked by a peptide bond.

Question 29

Protien synthesis

Answer 29

The process by which amino acids are linearly arranged into proteins through the involvement of ribosomal RNA, transfer RNA, messenger RNA, and various enzymes.

Question 30

Ribose

Answer 30

A sugar that forms the backbone of a very important molecule called ribonucleic acid (RNA)

Question 31

Ribosome

Answer 31

The cellular machinery responsible for making proteins.

Question 32

RNA

Answer 32

Ribonucleic acid (abbreviated RNA) is a nucleic acid present in all living cells that has structural similarities to DNA.

Question 33

rRNA

Answer 33

molecule in cells that forms part of the protien-synthesizing organelle known as a ribosome.

Question 34

start codon

Answer 34

The start codon is the first codon of a messenger RNA (mRNA) transcript translated by a ribosome.

Question 35

Stop codon

Answer 35

A sequence of three nucleotides (a trinucleotide) in DNA or messenger RNA (mRNA) that signals a halt to protein synthesis in the cell.

Question 36

Thymine

Answer 36

A compound which is one of the four constituent bases of nucleic acids. A pyrimidine derivative, it is paired with adenine in double-stranded DNA.

Question 37

Transcription

Answer 37

The process by which a cell makes an RNA copy of a piece of DNA.

Question 38

Translation

Answer 38

Translation is the process of translating the sequence of a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule to a sequence of amino acids during protein synthesis.

Question 39

tRNA

Answer 39

A type of RNA molecule that helps decode a messenger RNA (mRNA) sequence into a protein.

Question 40

Uracil

Answer 40

A chemical compound that is used to make one of the building blocks of RNA. It is a type of pyrimidine.

Question 41

Vesicle

Answer 41

A structure within or outside a cell, consisting of liquid or cytoplasm enclosed by a lipid bilayer.