Unit 2 Photosynthesis and cellular respiration TJB

Question 1

Autotroph

Answer 1

An autotroph is an organism that can produce its own food using light, water, carbon dioxide, or other chemicals.

Question 2

Light Reactions

Answer 2

The light reactions capture energy from sunlight, which they change to chemical energy that is stored in molecules of NADPH and ATP.

Question 3

Chlorophyll

Answer 3

Chlorophyll is a pigment that gives plants their green color, and it helps plants create their own food through photosynthesis.

Question 4

Photosynthesis

Answer 4

photosynthesis is the process by which green plants and certain other organisms transform light energy into chemical energy.

Question 5

Electron Transport Chain

Answer 5

A process in which the NADH and [FADH2] produced during glycolysis, β-oxidation, and other catabolic processes are oxidized thus releasing energy in the form of ATP.

Question 5

Calvin Cycle

Answer 5

The Calvin cycle reactions use chemical energy from NADPH and ATP that were produced in the light reactions to create glucose

Question 6

NADPH

Answer 6

They donate electrons during the process of cellular respiration and helps in the oxidation of glucose.

Question 7

Pigment

Answer 7

A pigment is any coloured material found in a plant or animal cell.

Question 8

Granum

Answer 8

A stack of coin-shaped thylakoids in the chloroplasts of plant cells.

Question 9

Stomata

Answer 9

Stomata are tiny openings or pores in plant tissue that allow for gas exchange.

Question 10

Carbon fixation

Answer 10

Carbon fixation is the process by which plants and algae convert the carbon found in inorganic molecules into fuel for cellular respiration.

Question 11

Heterotroph

Answer 11

A heterotroph is an organism that eats other plants or animals for energy and nutrients.

Question 12

Thylakoids

Answer 12

flattened sacs inside a chloroplast, bounded by pigmented membranes on which the light reactions of photosynthesis take place.

Question 13

Carotenoids

Answer 13

pigments in plants, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria that produce the bright yellow, red, and orange colors in plants, vegetables, and fruits.

Question 14

Mitochondrial matrix

Answer 14

The matrix is the space within the inner membrane of the mitochondrion

Question 15

Aerobic respiration

Answer 15

A chemical process in which oxygen is used to make energy from carbohydrates (sugars).

Question 16

Fermentation

Answer 16

Fermentation is an anaerobic process in which energy can be released from glucose even if oxygen is not available.

Question 17

NAD+

Answer 17

NAD+ is a coenzyme molecule involved in a number of important biological processes such as the transport of high-energy electrons for the production of ATP via aerobic respiration.

Question 18

Alcoholic Fermentation

Answer 18

A type of fermentation that converts sugars such as glucose, fructose, and sucrose into cellular energy, producing ethanol and carbon dioxide as by-products.

Question 19

Glycolysis

Answer 19

Glycolysis is the process in which glucose is broken down to produce energy. It produces two molecules of pyruvate, ATP, NADH and water.

Question 20

NADH

Answer 20

NADH is a universal coenzyme that plays a central role in cellular metabolism. It acts as a donor and acceptor of electrons in redox reactions.

Question 21

Anaerobic Respiration

Answer 21

Anaerobic respiration is the type of respiration through which cells can break down sugars to generate energy in the absence of oxygen.

Question 22

Cellular respiration

Answer 22

Cellular respiration is the process by which organisms use oxygen to break down food molecules to get chemical energy for cell functions.

Question 23

Krebs Cycle

Answer 23

the sequence of reactions by which most living cells generate energy during the process of aerobic respiration. It takes place in the mitochondria, consuming oxygen, producing carbon dioxide and water as waste products, and converting ADP to energy-rich ATP.

Question 24

Pyruvic Acid

Answer 24

Pyruvic acid is a water-soluble, organic liquid that is produced by breaking down carbohydrates and sugars through glycolysis.

Question 25

Citric Acid

Answer 25

Citric acid is an organic acid produced primarily by microbial fermentation.

Question 26

ATP

Answer 26

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the source of energy for use and storage at the cellular level.

Question 27

ADP

Answer 27

ADP is a biological molecule consisting of one adenine, one sugar, and two phosphates. Its most important role is that it is combined with a phosphate molecule to make ATP.