Unit 3 list 2 DNA and Heredity TjB

Question 1

Allele

Answer 1

One of two or more versions of a genetic sequence at a particular region on a chromosome.

Question 2

Centromere

Answer 2

The region of the chromosome to which the spindle fiber is attached during cell division.

Question 3

Chromatid

Answer 3

one of the two identical halves of a chromosome that has been replicated in preparation for cell division.

Question 4

Chromosome

Answer 4

A threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.

Question 5

Codon (Chart)

Answer 5

The codon chart identifies which codons specify with which amino acids.

Question 6

Crossing over

Answer 6

A cellular process that happens during meiosis when chromosomes of the same type are lined up.

Question 7

Daughter cell

Answer 7

The cells that are formed after cell division.

Question 8

Deletion

Answer 8

A deletion changes the DNA sequence by removing at least one nucleotide in a gene.

Question 9

Diploid

Answer 9

A cell that contain two copies of each chromosome.

Question 10

DNA

Answer 10

The molecule that carries genetic information for the development and functioning of an organism.

Question 11

Fertilization

Answer 11

The sperm and egg unite in one of the fallopian tubes to form a zygote.

Question 12

Frameshift

Answer 12

A frameshift mutation in a gene refers to the insertion or deletion of nucleotide bases in numbers that are not multiples of three.

Question 13

gamete

Answer 13

A reproductive cell of an animal or plant

Question 14

Gene

Answer 14

The basic unit of heredity passed from parent to child.

Question 15

Gene mutation

Answer 15

A change in one or more genes.

Question 16

Genetic code

Answer 16

Genetic code refers to the instructions contained in a gene that tell a cell how to make a specific protein.

Question 17

Genetic variation

Answer 17

The variation in the DNA sequence in each of our genomes

Question 18

Haploid

Answer 18

The variation in the DNA sequence in each of our genomes

Question 19

Homologous chromosome

Answer 19

Pairs of chromosomes in a diploid organism that have similar genes, although not necessarily identical.

Question 20

Independent assortment

Answer 20

How different genes independently separate from one another when reproductive cells develop.

Question 21

Insertion

Answer 21

A type of mutation that involves the addition of one or more nucleotides into a segment of DNA.

Question 22

Meiosis

Answer 22

A type of cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes in the parent cell by half and produces four gamete cells.

Question 23

Meiosis I

Answer 23

The first stage of meiosis and produces two daughter cells with half the genetic information of the parent cell (duplicated).

Question 24

Meiosis II

Answer 24

The process by which a cell replicates its chromosomes and then segregates them, producing two identical nuclei in preparation for cell division.

Question 25

Monosomy

Answer 25

The absence of one member of a pair of chromosomes.

Question 26

Mutagen

Answer 26

A chemical or physical agent capable of inducing changes in DNA called mutations.

Question 27

Mutation

Answer 27

A mutation is a change in a DNA sequence.

Question 28

Nondisjunction

Answer 28

The failure of the chromosomes to separate, which produces daughter cells with abnormal numbers of chromosomes.

Question 29

Offspring

Answer 29

The product of the reproductive processes of a person, animal, or plan

Question 30

Parent cell

Answer 30

A cell that is the source of other cells.

Question 31

Point mutation

Answer 31

A point mutation occurs in a genome when a single base pair is added, deleted or changed.

Question 32

Replication

Answer 32

DNA replication is the process by which the genome’s DNA is copied in cells.

Question 33

Sexual reproduction

Answer 33

The production of new organisms by the combination of genetic information of two individuals of different sexes.

Question 34

Somatic cell

Answer 34

Any cell of a living organism other than the reproductive cells.

Question 35

Substitution

Answer 35

A type of mutation in which one nucleotide is replaced by a different nucleotide.

Question 36

Trisomy

Answer 36

The presence of an extra chromosome in some or all of the body’s cells.

Question 37

Trait

Answer 37

A specific characteristic of an individual.