Unit 4 List 1 Evolution GLW

Question 1

amino acid sequencing

Answer 1

the process of identifying the arrangement of amino acids in proteins and peptides

Question 2

analogous structure

Answer 2

features of different species that are similar in function but not necessarily in structure and which do not derive from a common ancestral feature

Question 3

anatomy

Answer 3

field in the biological sciences concerned with the identification and description of the body structures of living things

Question 4

biochemical evidence

Answer 4

he amino acid sequence of proteins

Question 5

biogeography

Answer 5

the branch of biology that deals with the geographical distribution of plants and animals.

Question 6

cladogram

Answer 6

diagrams which depict the relationships between different groups of taxa called “clades”

Question 7

common ancestry

Answer 7

Ancestral organism shared by two or more descendent lineages

Question 8

descent with modification

Answer 8

the idea that species change over time, give rise to new species, and share a common ancestor

Question 9

DNA sequencing

Answer 9

the general laboratory technique for determining the exact sequence of nucleotides, or bases, in a DNA molecule

Question 10

electrophoresis

Answer 10

a laboratory technique used to separate DNA, RNA or protein molecules based on their size and electrical charge

Question 11

embryo

Answer 11

Early stage in the development of humans and other animals or plants

Question 12

embryology

Answer 12

the study of development of an embryo from the stage of ovum fertilization through to the fetal stage

Question 13

evolutionary tree

Answer 13

a diagram that depicts the lines of evolutionary descent of different species, organisms, or genes from a common ancestor.

Question 14

fossil record

Answer 14

made up of all the fossils that have been found, along with their relative ages

Question 15

homologous structure

Answer 15

an organ, system, or body part that shares a common ancestry in multiple organisms

Question 16

homology

Answer 16

similarity of the structure, physiology, or development of different species of organisms based upon their descent from a common evolutionary ancestor

Question 17

paleontology

Answer 17

the branch of science concerned with fossil animals and plants

Question 18

phenotypic similarity

Answer 18

a measure of functional redundancy within homologous gene families

Question 19

phylogeny

Answer 19

refers to the evolutionary history of a group of organisms

Question 20

phylogenetic tree

Answer 20

a diagram that represents evolutionary relationships among organisms.

Question 21

vestigial structures

Answer 21

a feature that a species inherited from an ancestor but that is now less elaborate and functional than in the ancestor.

Question 22

sedimentary layers

Answer 22

A bed is defined as a layer of rock that has a uniform lithology and texture. Beds form by the deposition of layers of sediment on top of each other. The sequence of beds that characterizes sedimentary rocks is called bedding.

Question 23

adaptation

Answer 23

modification of an organism or its parts that makes it more fit for existence under the conditions of its environment

Question 24

behavior

Answer 24

the way in which one acts or conducts oneself, especially toward others.

Question 25

competition

Answer 25

the activity or condition of competing.

Question 26

fitness

Answer 26

an organism’s ability to pass its genetic material to its offspring

Question 27

gene pool

Answer 27

the stock of different genes in an interbreeding population.

Question 28

genetic variation

Answer 28

a term used to describe the variation in the DNA sequence in each of our genomes

Question 29

geographic isolation

Answer 29

a term used to describe the physical separation of populations of organisms from one another due to geographical barriers

Question 30

morphology

Answer 30

the branch of biology that deals with the form of living organisms, and with relationships between their structures.

Question 31

natural selection

Answer 31

a mechanism of evolution

Question 32

phenotypic expression

Answer 32

the observable characteristics in an organism that results from the expression of genes

Question 33

physiology

Answer 33

the study of how the human body works

Question 34

population

Answer 34

all the organisms of the same group or species that live in a specific area and are capable of breeding among themselves

Question 35

reproductive isolation

Answer 35

the inability of a species to breed successfully with related species due to geographical, behavioral, physiological, or genetic barriers or differences

Question 36

sexual selection

Answer 36

the plumage in a peacock, which attracts mates, and the horns on a ram, which help it compete for a mate.

Question 37

speciation

Answer 37

how a new kind of plant or animal species is created

Question 38

species

Answer 38

a group of organisms that can reproduce with one another in nature and produce fertile offspring.

Question 39

trait

Answer 39

a distinguishing quality or characteristic, typically one belonging to a person.