Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology Aven Kennemore > Unit 4 List 1 Evolution > Flashcards

Unit 4 List 1 Evolution Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Amino acid sequencing

A

the process of identifying the arrangement of amino acids in proteins and peptides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Analogous structure

A

a trait which serves the same or similar functions between separate organisms, but have different structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Anatomy

A

the study of the physical structure and parts of organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Biochemical evidence

A

the use of molecular biology techniques to study the chemical processes and substances that occur within living organisms, providing crucial insights into evolutionary relationships.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Biogeography

A

the study of the distribution of plants, animals, and other types of life.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Cladogram

A

a branching tree diagram that shows ancestral relationships among organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Common ancestry

A

an ancestral group of organisms that is shared by multiple lineages.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Descent with modification

A

passing traits from parent to offspring,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

DNA sequencing

A

the general laboratory technique for determining the exact sequence of nucleotides, or bases, in a DNA molecule.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Electrophoresis

A

a laboratory technique used to separate DNA, RNA or protein molecules based on their size and electrical charge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Embryo

A

the stage of early development after fertilization up to the phase of initial organogenesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Embryology

A

the study of development of an embryo from the stage of ovum fertilization through to the fetal stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Evolutionary tree

A

a diagram that represents evolutionary relationships among organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Fossil record

A

a collection of fossils documenting the history of life on Earth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Homologous structure

A

an organ, system, or body part that shares a common ancestry in multiple organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Homology

A

similarity of the structure, physiology, or development of different species of organisms based upon their descent from a common evolutionary ancestor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Paleontology

A

the study of the history of life on Earth as based on fossils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Phenotypic similarity

A

a measure of functional redundancy within homologous gene families

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Phylogeny

A

the representation of the evolutionary history and relationships between groups of organisms.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Phylogenetic tree

A

a diagram that depicts the lines of evolutionary descent of different species, organisms, or genes from a common ancestor.

21
Q

Vestigial structures

A

Structures that have no apparent function and appear to be residual parts from a past ancestor

22
Q

Sedimentary layers

A

formed from pre-existing rocks or pieces of once-living organisms.

23
Q

Adaptation

A

the evolutionary process whereby an organism becomes better able to live in its habitat or habitats.

24
Q

Behavior

A

the change in activity of an organism in response to a stimulus

25
Q

Competition

A

a relationship between organisms that strive for the same resources in the same place

26
Q

Fitness

A

an organism’s ability to pass its genetic material to its offspring

27
Q

Gene pool

A

the combination of all the genes (including alleles) present in a reproducing population or species

28
Q

Genetic variation

A

a term used to describe the variation in the DNA sequence in each of our genomes.

29
Q

Geographic isolation

A

the physical separation of populations of organisms from one another due to geographical barriers.

30
Q

Morphology

A

a branch of biology that studies the external and internal structures of living things

31
Q

Natural selection

A

the process through which populations of living organisms adapt and change

32
Q

Phenotypic expression

A

The observable characteristics or traits in an individual based on the expression of their genes.

33
Q

Physiology

A

a branch of biology that deals with the functions and activities of life or of living matter (such as organs, tissues, or cells) and of the physical and chemical phenomena involved

34
Q

Population

A

a group of individuals of the same species living and interbreeding within a given area.

35
Q

Reproductive isolation

A

the inability of a species to breed successfully with related species due to geographical, behavioral, physiological, or genetic barriers or differences

36
Q

Sexual selection

A

the process by which individuals compete for access to mates and fertilization opportunities.

37
Q

Speciation

A

how a new kind of plant or animal species is created

38
Q

Species

A

a group of organisms that can reproduce naturally with one another and create fertile offspring

39
Q

Trait

A

specific characteristic of an individual

40
Q

Coevolution

A

cases where two (or more) species reciprocally affect each other’s evolution.

41
Q

Convergent evolution

A

occurs when organisms that aren’t closely related evolve similar features or behaviours, often as solutions to the same problems

42
Q

Divergent evolution

A

the process by which interbreeding species diverged into two or more evolutionary groups.

43
Q

Founder effect

A

the reduction in genomic variability that occurs when a small group of individuals becomes separated from a larger population.

44
Q

Gene flow

A

any movement of individuals, and/or the genetic material they carry, from one population to another.

45
Q

Gene frequency

A

the ratio of the number of a specified allele in a population to the total of all alleles at its genetic locus.

46
Q

Gene pool

A

the combination of all the genes (including alleles) present in a reproducing population or species.

47
Q

Genetic drift

A

the change in frequency of an existing gene variant in the population due to random chance.

48
Q

Geologic record

A

the entirety of the layers of rock strata.

Biology Aven Kennemore (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions