Unit 3 List 3 DNA & Heredity Flashcards
Cellular division
The process by which a single parent cell splits to form new cells, known as daughter cells
Egg cell
the female reproductive cell, or gamete
Epigenetic
the study of how cells control gene activity without changing the DNA sequence
Fertilization
The process of combining the male gamete, or sperm, with the female gamete, or ovum.
Genome
The complete set of DNA (genetic material) in an organism. In people, almost every cell in the body contains a complete copy of the genome. The genome contains all of the information needed for a person to develop and grow.
Inherited traits
a particular genetically determined characteristic or quality that distinguishes somebody
Multicellular organisms
made of more than one cell and are complex organisms
Sexual reproduction
the production of new organisms by the combination of genetic information of two individuals of different sexes
Sperm cell
The male reproductive cell, formed in the testicle
Autosomal
one of the numbered chromosomes, as opposed to the sex chromosomes
Complete dominance
when one allele completely dominates or takes control of the other.
Dihybrid cross
a cross between two individuals with two observed traits that are controlled by two distinct genes
FI (first filial)
the first generation of offspring
F2 (second filial)
consists of the offsprings of the F1 generation
Genotypic ratio
the proportional relationship between different genotypes that result from a genetic cross
Hardy-Weinberg Conditions
When a population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for a gene, it is not evolving, and allele frequencies will stay the same across generations.
Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium
the amount of genetic variation in a population will remain constant from one generation to the next in the absence of disturbing factors.
Incomplete dominance
a form of Gene interaction in which both alleles of a gene at a locus are partially expressed, often resulting in an intermediate or different phenotype.
Monohybrid cross
the hybrid of two individuals with homozygous genotypes which result in the opposite phenotype for a certain genetic trait.
P (parental) generation
the original pair of parents at the start of a genetic cross experiment
Phenotypic ratio
a ratio comparing the possible outcomes for an organism based on physical appearance
Polygenic inheritance
the inheritance of a trait governed by more than one genes
Population
a group of individuals of the same species living and interbreeding within a given area
Ratio
a comparison in terms of a quotient of two numbers a and b, usually written as ab or a/b
