Unit 3 List 3 DNA & Heredity

Question 1

Cellular division

Answer 1

The process by which a single parent cell splits to form new cells, known as daughter cells

Question 2

Egg cell

Answer 2

the female reproductive cell, or gamete

Question 3

Epigenetic

Answer 3

the study of how cells control gene activity without changing the DNA sequence

Question 4

Fertilization

Answer 4

The process of combining the male gamete, or sperm, with the female gamete, or ovum.

Question 5

Genome

Answer 5

The complete set of DNA (genetic material) in an organism. In people, almost every cell in the body contains a complete copy of the genome. The genome contains all of the information needed for a person to develop and grow.

Question 6

Inherited traits

Answer 6

a particular genetically determined characteristic or quality that distinguishes somebody

Question 7

Multicellular organisms

Answer 7

made of more than one cell and are complex organisms

Question 8

Sexual reproduction

Answer 8

the production of new organisms by the combination of genetic information of two individuals of different sexes

Question 9

Sperm cell

Answer 9

The male reproductive cell, formed in the testicle

Question 10

Autosomal

Answer 10

one of the numbered chromosomes, as opposed to the sex chromosomes

Question 11

Complete dominance

Answer 11

when one allele completely dominates or takes control of the other.

Question 12

Dihybrid cross

Answer 12

a cross between two individuals with two observed traits that are controlled by two distinct genes

Question 13

FI (first filial)

Answer 13

the first generation of offspring

Question 14

F2 (second filial)

Answer 14

consists of the offsprings of the F1 generation

Question 15

Genotypic ratio

Answer 15

the proportional relationship between different genotypes that result from a genetic cross

Question 16

Hardy-Weinberg Conditions

Answer 16

When a population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for a gene, it is not evolving, and allele frequencies will stay the same across generations.

Question 17

Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium

Answer 17

the amount of genetic variation in a population will remain constant from one generation to the next in the absence of disturbing factors.

Question 18

Incomplete dominance

Answer 18

a form of Gene interaction in which both alleles of a gene at a locus are partially expressed, often resulting in an intermediate or different phenotype.

Question 19

Monohybrid cross

Answer 19

the hybrid of two individuals with homozygous genotypes which result in the opposite phenotype for a certain genetic trait.

Question 20

P (parental) generation

Answer 20

the original pair of parents at the start of a genetic cross experiment

Question 21

Phenotypic ratio

Answer 21

a ratio comparing the possible outcomes for an organism based on physical appearance

Question 22

Polygenic inheritance

Answer 22

the inheritance of a trait governed by more than one genes

Question 23

Population

Answer 23

a group of individuals of the same species living and interbreeding within a given area

Question 24

Ratio

Answer 24

a comparison in terms of a quotient of two numbers a and b, usually written as ab or a/b

Question 25

Variation

Answer 25

the differences between individuals of the same species, caused by genetic and environmental factors

Question 26

Genotype

Answer 26

the genetic makeup of an organism

Question 27

Phenotype

Answer 27

an observable trait.