Unit 1 List 2 Cell Energy

Question 1

Autotrophs

Answer 1

An organism that can produce its own food using light, water, carbon dioxide, or other chemicals

Question 2

Light Reactions

Answer 2

The process of photosynthesis that converts energy from the sun into chemical energy in the form of NADPH and ATP

Question 3

Chlorophyll

Answer 3

A pigment present in all green plants and a few other organisms

Question 4

Photosynthesis

Answer 4

The process by which plants use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to create oxygen and energy in the form of sugar

Question 5

Calvin cycle

Answer 5

The cycle of chemical reactions where the carbon from the carbon cycle is fixed into sugars

Question 6

Electron transport chain

Answer 6

A series of four protein complexes that couple redox reactions, creating an electrochemical gradient that leads to the creation of ATP in a complete system named oxidative phosphorylation

Question 7

NADPH

Answer 7

Represents an important electron donor that is used in a variety of biological settings

Question 8

Pigment

Answer 8

The set of compounds that have an intense colour and are used in the colouring of other materials

Question 9

Granum

Answer 9

A stack of coin-shaped thylakoids in the chloroplasts of plant cells

Question 10

Stomata

Answer 10

The tiny openings present on the epidermis of leaves

Question 11

Carbon fixation

Answer 11

The process by which plants fix atmospheric carbon to form organic compounds

Question 12

Heterotrophs

Answer 12

An organism that eats other plants or animals for energy and nutrients

Question 13

Thylakoids

Answer 13

Pouch-like sacs that are bound to a membrane in the chloroplasts of a plant cell

Question 14

Carotenoids

Answer 14

Accessory pigments that help in photosynthesis

Question 15

Mitochondrial matrix

Answer 15

A gel-like material in the mitochondrion, or organelle that performs the process of aerobic respiration, that contains ribosomes resembling those of bacteria

Question 16

Aerobic respiration

Answer 16

A chemical process in which oxygen is used to make energy from carbohydrates (sugars)

Question 17

Fermentation

Answer 17

An enzyme catalysed, metabolic process whereby organisms convert starch or sugar to alcohol or an acid anaerobically releasing energy

Question 18

NAD+

Answer 18

A molecule formed from vitamin B3 and ATP that acts as a carrier molecule for electrons and hydrogen

Question 19

Alcoholic fermentation

Answer 19

The anaerobic transformation of fructose and glucose (sugars) into ethanol and carbon dioxide

Question 20

Glycolysis

Answer 20

A process in which glucose (sugar) is partially broken down by cells in enzyme reactions that do not need oxygen

Question 21

NADH

Answer 21

Occurs naturally in the body and plays a role in generating energy

Question 22

Anaerobic respiration

Answer 22

The process in which incomplete oxidation of glucose occurs in the absence of oxygen

Question 23

Cellular respiration

Answer 23

A series of chemical reactions that break down glucose to produce ATP

Question 24

Krebs cycle

Answer 24

A series of chemical reactions in living things in which acetic acid or a related substance is oxidized to produce energy which is stored in ATP

Question 25

Pyruvic acid

Answer 25

A colorless organic liquid formed by the breakdown of carbohydrates and sugars during cell metabolism

Question 26

Citric acid

Answer 26

a food acidity regulator, a chelator, an antimicrobial agent and a fundamental metabolite

Question 27

ATP

Answer 27

The source of energy for use and storage at the cellular level

Question 28

ADP

Answer 28

A molecule that is involved in transferring and providing cells with energy