Unit 1 List 1 Exp. Design

Question 1

Testable question

Answer 1

Can be answered by designing and conducting an experiment

Question 2

Non-testable question

Answer 2

Questions that cannot be answered by direct observation or by evidence gathered through experimental inquiries

Question 3

Quantitative data

Answer 3

Data represented numerically, including anything that can be counted, measured, or given a numerical value

Question 4

Qualitative data

Answer 4

Describes qualities or characteristics

Question 5

Trials

Answer 5

Research studies that test a medical, surgical, or behavioral intervention in people

Question 6

Observation

Answer 6

An act or instance of noticing or perceiving and the acquisition of information from a primary source

Question 7

Empirical evidence

Answer 7

The information obtained through observation and documentation of certain behavior and patterns or through an experiment

Question 8

Data

Answer 8

Information such as facts and numbers used to analyze something or make decisions

Question 9

Models in science

Answer 9

A physical and/or mathematical and/or conceptual representation of a system of ideas, events or processes

Question 10

Analogy

Answer 10

A comparison (or connection) made between to scientific concepts

Question 11

Prototype

Answer 11

An original model constructed to include all the technical characteristics and performances of the new product

Question 12

Hypothesis

Answer 12

An assumption, an idea that is proposed for the sake of argument so that it can be tested to see if it might be true

Question 13

Variable

Answer 13

Any factor, trait, or condition that can exist in differing amounts or types

Question 14

Procedure

Answer 14

A detailed, step-by-step list of everything you will do in your experiment, including the materials and methods you will use

Question 15

Precision

Answer 15

How close measurements of the same item are to each other

Question 16

Accuracy

Answer 16

How close a measurement is to the true or accepted value

Question 17

Scientific method

Answer 17

A method of procedure that has characterized natural science since the 17th century, consisting in systematic observation, measurement, and experiment, and the formulation, testing, and modification of hypotheses

Question 18

Control

Answer 18

An element that remains unchanged or unaffected by other variables

Question 19

Constant

Answer 19

The factors that do not change during the experiment

Question 20

Predict

Answer 20

A possible outcome of a scientific test based on logically reasoning about a particular scientific idea

Question 21

Infer

Answer 21

The process of drawing conclusions based on evidence and reasoning

Question 22

Independent variable

Answer 22

A variable that stands alone and isn’t changed by the other variables you are trying to measure

Question 23

Dependent variable

Answer 23

What you measure in the experiment and what is affected during the experiment

Question 24

Manipulated variable

Answer 24

A factor that is purposefully and specifically changed by the experimenter

Question 25

Responding variable

Answer 25

The factor that is measured by the scientist as a result of the effects of the manipulated variable

Question 26

Sample size

Answer 26

The number of participants or observations included in a study

Question 27

Validity

Answer 27

How accurately a method measures what it is intended to measure

Question 28

Trends in data

Answer 28

Describes the general direction of change of some variable

Question 29

Correlation

Answer 29

Describes the relationship between variables

Question 30

Variability

Answer 30

The extent to which data points in a statistical distribution or data set diverge—vary—from the average value, as well as the extent to which these data points differ from each other

Question 31

Mass

Answer 31

A measure of the amount of matter contained in or constituting a physical body

Question 32

Volume

Answer 32

The quantity of three-dimensional space occupied by a liquid, solid, or gas

Question 33

Weight

Answer 33

The force exerted on a body by gravity

Question 34

Percent

Answer 34

A relative value indicating hundredth parts of any quantity

Question 35

Rate

Answer 35

A specific kind of ratio, in which two measurements are related to each other

Question 36

Ratio

Answer 36

A comparison in terms of a quotient of two numbers a and b, usually written as ab or a/b

Question 37

Line graph

Answer 37

A graph that uses lines to connect individual data points

Question 38

Bar graph

Answer 38

A type of graph in which each column (plotted either vertically or horizontally) represents a categorical variable

Question 39

Pie graph

Answer 39

A way of summarizing a set of nominal data or displaying the different values of a given variable

Question 40

Scatter plot

Answer 40

Uses dots to represent values for two different numeric variables

Question 41

Claim

Answer 41

A generalization based on a reported statistically significant effect

Question 42

Evidence

Answer 42

Evidence that serves to either support or counter a scientific theory or hypothesis

Question 43

Reason

Answer 43

The ability to recognize and understand the scientific method, concepts, processes, and applications used in the pursuit of knowledge

Question 44

Theory

Answer 44

A well-substantiated explanation of an aspect of the natural world that can incorporate laws, hypotheses and facts

Question 45

Bias

Answer 45

A flaw in the study design or the method of collecting or interpreting information