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Bio 1H MC Loar > Unit 4 List 1 Evolution > Flashcards

Unit 4 List 1 Evolution Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

amino acid sequencing

A

the process of identifying the arrangement of amino acids in proteins and peptides

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2
Q

analogous structure

A

features of different species that are similar in function but not necessarily in structure and which do not derive from a common ancestral feature

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3
Q

anatomy

A

a study of the structure or internal workings of something

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4
Q

biochemical evidence

A

the use of molecular biology techniques to study the chemical processes and substances that occur within living organisms

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5
Q

biogeography

A

the branch of biology that deals with the geographical distribution of plants and animals

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6
Q

cladogram

A

a branching diagram showing the cladistic relationship between a number of species

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7
Q

common ancestry

A

Ancestral organism shared by two or more descendent lineages

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8
Q

descent with modification

A

the idea that species change over time, give rise to new species, and share a common ancestor

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9
Q

DNA sequencing

A

the general laboratory technique for determining the exact sequence of nucleotides, or bases, in a DNA molecule

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10
Q

electrophoresis

A

the movement of charged particles in a fluid or gel under the influence of an electric field

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11
Q

embryo

A

an unborn or unhatched offspring in the process of developmen

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12
Q

embryology

A

a branch of biology dealing with embryos and their development

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13
Q

evolutionary tree

A

a diagram that depicts the lines of evolutionary descent of different species

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14
Q

fossil record

A

the remains or imprints of organisms from earlier geological periods preserved

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15
Q

homologous structure

A

are physical features found in different organisms that share a common ancestor

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16
Q

homology

A

the state of having the same or similar relation, relative position, or structure

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17
Q

paleontology

A

the branch of science concerned with fossil animals and plants

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18
Q

phenotypic similarity

A

a measure of functional redundancy within homologous gene families

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19
Q

phylogeny

A

the branch of biology that deals with phylogenesis

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20
Q

phylogenetic tree

A

a graphical representation which shows the evolutionary history between a set of species or taxa during a specific time

21
Q

vestigial structures

A

a feature that a species inherited from an ancestor but that is now less elaborate and functional than in the ancestor

22
Q

sedimentary layers

A

a quantity or piece of it that covers a surface or that is between two other things

23
Q

adaptation

A

the action or process of adapting or being adapted

24
Q

behavior

A

the way in which one acts or conducts oneself, especially toward others

25
Q

competition

A

the activity or condition of competing

26
Q

fitness

A

the condition of being physically fit and healthy

27
Q

gene pool

A

the stock of different genes in an interbreeding population

28
Q

genetic variation

A

the difference in DNA among individuals or the differences between populations among the same species

29
Q

geographic isolation

A

the physical separation of populations of organisms from one another due to geographical barriers

30
Q

morphology

A

the study of the forms of things

31
Q

natural selection

A

The theory of things dying because they do not have the best traits

32
Q

phenotypic expression

A

the set of observable characteristics or traits of an organism

33
Q

physiology

A

the branch of biology that deals with the normal functions of living organisms and their parts

34
Q

population

A

all the inhabitants of a particular town, area, or country

35
Q

reproductive isolation

A

the inability of a species to breed successfully with related species due to geographical, behavioral, physiological, or genetic barriers or differences

36
Q

sexual selection

A

natural selection arising through preference by one sex for certain characteristics in individuals of the other sex

37
Q

speciation

A

the formation of new and distinct species in the course of evolution

38
Q

species

A

a group of living organisms consisting of similar individuals capable of exchanging genes or interbreeding

39
Q

trait

A

a genetically determined characteristic

40
Q

Coevolution

A

the influence of closely associated species on each other in their evolution

41
Q

Convergent evolution

A

the independent evolution of similar features in species of different periods or epochs in time

42
Q

Divergent evolution

A

represents the evolutionary pattern in which species sharing a common ancestry become more distinct due to differential selection pressure which gradually leads to speciation over an evolutionary time period

43
Q

Founder effect

A

the reduced genetic diversity which results when a population is descended from a small number of colonizing ancestors

44
Q

Gene flow

A

any movement of individuals, and/or the genetic material they carry, from one population to another

45
Q

Gene frequency

A

the ratio of a particular allele to the total of all other alleles of the same gene in a given population

46
Q

Gene pool

A

the stock of different genes in an interbreeding population

47
Q

Genetic Drift

A

variation in the relative frequency of different genotypes in a small population, owing to the chance disappearance of particular genes as individuals die or do not reproduce

48
Q

Geologic record

A

the entirety of the layers of rock strata

Bio 1H MC Loar (7 decks)

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