Unit 3 List 3 DNA & Heredity

Question 1

cellular divison

Answer 1

the division of a cell into two daughter cells with the same genetic material.

Question 2

egg cell

Answer 2

the female reproductive cell, or gamete, in most anisogamous organisms

Question 3

epigenetic

Answer 3

relating to changes, especially heritable changes, in the characteristics of a cell or organism that result from altered gene expression or other effects not involving changes to the DNA sequence itself

Question 4

fertilization

Answer 4

the action or process of fertilizing an egg, female animal, or plant, involving the fusion of male and female gametes to form a zygote.

Question 5

genome

Answer 5

the haploid set of chromosomes in a gamete or microorganism, or in each cell of a multicellular organism

Question 6

Inherited traits

Answer 6

a particular genetically determined characteristic or quality that distinguishes somebody

Question 7

Multicellular organism

Answer 7

an organism composed of many cells

Question 8

sexual reproduction

Answer 8

the production of new living organisms by combining genetic information from two individuals of different types

Question 9

sperm cell

Answer 9

male reproductive cell

Question 10

autosomal

Answer 10

the gene in question is located on one of the numbered, or non-sex, chromosomes

Question 11

complete dominance

Answer 11

when one allele completely dominates or takes control of the other

Question 12

dihybrid cross

Answer 12

a mating experiment between two organisms that are identically hybrid for two traits

Question 13

F1 (first filial)

Answer 13

the first filial generation seeds/plants or animal offspring resulting from a cross-mating of distinctly different parental types

Question 14

F2 (second filial)

Answer 14

the result of a cross between two F1 individuals

Question 15

genotype

Answer 15

the genetic makeup of an organism; in other words, it describes an organism’s complete set of genes

Question 16

genotypic ratio

Answer 16

the proportional relationship between different genotypes that result from a genetic cross

Question 17

Hardy-Weinberg Conditions

Answer 17

no mutation, random mating, no gene flow, infinite population size, and no selection. If the assumptions are not met for a gene, the population may evolve for that gene

Question 18

Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium

Answer 18

a principle stating that the genetic variation in a population will remain constant from one generation to the next in the absence of disturbing factors

Question 19

incomplete dominance

Answer 19

a form of Gene interaction in which both alleles of a gene at a locus are partially expressed, often resulting in an intermediate or different phenotype

Question 20

monohybrid cross

Answer 20

a cross between two organisms with different variations at one genetic locus of interest

Question 21

P (parental) generation

Answer 21

the original pair of parents at the start of a genetic cross experiment

Question 22

phenotype

Answer 22

an individual’s observable traits, such as height, eye color and blood type

Question 23

phenotypic ratio

Answer 23

a numerical comparison of how many offspring will have one phenotype versus another

Question 24

polygenic inheritance

Answer 24

quantitative inheritance, where multiple independent genes have an additive or similar effect on a single quantitative trait

Question 25

population

Answer 25

all the organisms of the same group or species that live in a specific area and are capable of breeding among themselves

Question 26

ratio

Answer 26

A phenotypic ratio is a numerical comparison of how many offspring will have one phenotype versus another

Question 27

variation

Answer 27

Genetic variation is the difference in DNA among individuals or the differences between populations among the same species