Unit 1 List 2 Cell Energy

Question 1

PHOTOSYNTHESIS-autotroph

Answer 1

an organism that can produce its own food using light, water, carbon dioxide, or other chemicals

Question 2

PHOTOSYNTHESIS-Light Reactions

Answer 2

the reaction which occurs as the first phase of photosynthesis, in which energy in the form of light is absorbed and converted to chemical energy in the form of ATP

Question 3

PHOTOSYNTHESIS-Chlorophyll

Answer 3

a green pigment, present in all green plants and in cyanobacteria, responsible for the absorption of light to provide energy for photosynthesis

Question 4

PHOTOSYNTHESIS

Answer 4

A chemical process that occurs in plants, algae, and some types of bacteria, when they are exposed to sunlight. During photosynthesis, water and carbon dioxide combine to form carbohydrates (sugars) and give off oxygen

Question 5

PHOTOSYNTHESIS-Calvin cycle

Answer 5

the cycle of chemical reactions where the carbon from the carbon cycle is fixed into sugars. It occurs in the chloroplast of the plant cell

Question 6

PHOTOSYNTHESIS-Electron Transport Chain

Answer 6

a series of four protein complexes that couple redox reactions, creating an electrochemical gradient that leads to the creation of ATP in a complete system named oxidative phosphorylation

Question 7

PHOTOSYNTHESIS-NADPH

Answer 7

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, represents an important electron donor that is used in a variety of biological settings

Question 8

PHOTOSYNTHESIS-Pigment

Answer 8

any colored material found in a plant or animal cell. Pigments are what give color to our skin, hair and eyes. They are also what color plants

Question 9

PHOTOSYNTHESIS-Granum

Answer 9

a stack of coin-shaped thylakoids in the chloroplasts of plant cells

Question 10

PHOTOSYNTHESIS-Stomata

Answer 10

a pore or aperture surrounded by two guard cells that allow gas exchange. Stomata is the plural term for stoma

Question 11

PHOTOSYNTHESIS-Carbon Fixation

Answer 11

the process by which plants and algae convert the carbon found in inorganic molecules in the atmosphere into organic matter to produce biological building blocks and fuel for cellular respiration

Question 12

PHOTOSYNTHESIS-Thylakoids

Answer 12

pouch-like sacs that are bound to a membrane in the chloroplasts of a plant cell. They contain a pigment, called chlorophyll, that absorbs light

Question 13

PHOTOSYNTHESIS-Heterotrophs

Answer 13

an organism that eats other plants or animals for energy and nutrients

Question 14

PHOTOSYNTHESIS-Carotenoids

Answer 14

a class of more than 750 naturally occurring pigments synthesized by plants, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria

Question 15

CELLULAR RESPIRATION-Mitochondrial matrix

Answer 15

the mitochondrion internal spaces enclosed by the inner membrane

Question 16

CELLULAR RESPIRATION-Aerobic respiration

Answer 16

A chemical process in which oxygen is used to make energy from carbohydrates (sugars)

Question 17

CELLULAR RESPIRATION-Fermentation

Answer 17

an anaerobic process in which energy can be released from glucose even if oxygen is not available

Question 18

CELLULAR RESPIRATION-NAD+

Answer 18

a coenzyme molecule involved in a number of important biological processes such as the transport of high-energy electrons for the production of ATP via aerobic respiration

Question 19

CELLULAR RESPIRATION-Alcoholic fermentation

Answer 19

a biological process which converts sugars such as glucose, fructose, and sucrose into cellular energy, producing ethanol and carbon dioxide as by-products

Question 20

CELLULAR RESPIRATION-Glycolysis

Answer 20

the process in which glucose is broken down to produce energy. It produces two molecules of pyruvate, ATP, NADH and water

Question 21

CELLULAR RESPIRATION-NADH

Answer 21

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) + hydrogen (H).” It occurs naturally in the body and plays a role in generating energy. The NADH produced by the body is involved in making energy in the body

Question 22

CELLULAR RESPIRATION-Anaerobic respiration

Answer 22

a chemical reaction which takes place in all livings cells and releases energy from glucose. Anaerobic respiration occurs without oxygen and releases less energy but more quickly than aerobic respiration

Question 23

CELLULAR RESPIRATION

Answer 23

a process that all living things use to convert glucose into energy. Autotrophs (like plants) produce glucose during photosynthesis. Heterotrophs (like humans) ingest other living things to obtain glucose

Question 24

CELLULAR RESPIRATION-Krebs cycle

Answer 24

a series of chemical reactions that produce ATP as part of the metabolism of aerobic organisms

Question 25

CELLULAR RESPIRATION-Pyruvic acid

Answer 25

A colorless organic liquid formed by the breakdown of carbohydrates and sugars during cell metabolism

Question 26

CELLULAR RESPIRATION-Citric acid

Answer 26

a sour organic acid C6H8O7 occurring in cellular metabolism, obtained especially from lemon and lime juices or by fermentation of sugars, and used as a flavoring

Question 27

CELLULAR RESPIRATION- ATP

Answer 27

the source of energy for use and storage at the cellular level. The structure of ATP is a nucleoside triphosphate, consisting of a nitrogenous base (adenine), a ribose sugar, and three serially bonded phosphate groups

Question 28

CELLULAR RESPIRATION-ADP

Answer 28

a biological molecule consisting of one adenine, one sugar, and two phosphates. Its most important role is that it is combined with a phosphate molecule to make ATP, the premier energy molecule in living cells