Unit 4 List 1 Evolution

Question 1

amino acid sequencing

Answer 1

the process of identifying the arrangement of amino acids in proteins and peptides

Question 2

analogous structure

Answer 2

features of different species that are similar in function but not necessarily in structure

Question 3

anatomy

Answer 3

the science that studies the structure of the body

Question 4

biochemical evidence

Answer 4

the amino acid sequence of proteins

Question 5

biogeography

Answer 5

the branch of biology that deals with the geographical distribution of plants and animals.

Question 6

cladogram

Answer 6

diagrams which depict the relationships between different groups of taxa called “clades”

Question 7

common ancestry

Answer 7

an ancestor that they have in common.

Question 8

descent with modification

Answer 8

the idea that species change over time,

Question 9

DNA sequencing

Answer 9

the general laboratory technique for determining the exact sequence of nucleotides, or bases, in a DNA molecule

Question 10

electrophoresis

Answer 10

a laboratory technique used to separate DNA, RNA or protein molecules based on their size and electrical charge.

Question 11

embryo

Answer 11

Early stage in the development of humans and other animals or plants

Question 12

embryology

Answer 12

the study of development of an embryo

Question 13

evolutionary tree

Answer 13

is a graphical representation which shows the evolutionary history between a set of species

Question 14

fossil record

Answer 14

made up of all the fossils that have been found, along with their relative ages

Question 15

homologous structure

Answer 15

an organ, system, or body part that shares a common ancestry in multiple organism

Question 16

homology

Answer 16

similarity of the structure, physiology, or development of different species of organisms based upon their descent from a common evolutionary ancestor

Question 17

paleontology

Answer 17

the branch of science concerned with fossil animals and plants.

Question 18

phenotypic similarity

Answer 18

a measure of functional redundancy within homologous gene families

Question 19

phylogeny

Answer 19

the branch of biology that deals with phylogenesis.

Question 20

species

Answer 20

species

Question 21

speciation

Answer 21

how a new kind of plant or animal species is created

Question 22

trait

Answer 22

a distinguishing quality or characteristic, typically one belonging to a person.

Question 23

phylogenetic tree

Answer 23

a diagram that represents evolutionary relationships among organisms

Question 24

vestigial structures

Answer 24

a feature that a species inherited from an ancestor but that is now less elaborate and functional than in the ancestor.

Question 25

sedimentary layers

Answer 25

beds or strata. A

Question 26

adaptation

Answer 26

modification of an organism or its parts that makes it more fit

Question 27

behavior

Answer 27

the way in which one acts or conducts oneself, especially toward others.

Question 28

competition

Answer 28

the activity or condition of competing.

Question 29

fitness

Answer 29

an organism’s ability to pass its genetic material to its offspring.

Question 30

gene pool

Answer 30

the combination of all the genes

Question 31

genetic variation

Answer 31

a term used to describe the variation in the DNA sequence in each of our genomes.

Question 32

geographic isolation

Answer 32

a term used to describe the physical separation of populations of organisms from one another due to geographical barriers.

Question 33

morphology

Answer 33

the study of the forms of things.

Question 34

natural selection

Answer 34

a mechanism of evolution

Question 35

phenotypic expression

Answer 35

the observable characteristics in an organism

Question 36

physiology

Answer 36

physiology

Question 37

population

Answer 37

all the inhabitants of a particular town, area, or country.

Question 38

reproductive isolation

Answer 38

the inability of a species to breed successfully with related species due to geographical, behavioral, physiological, or genetic barriers

Question 39

sexual selection

Answer 39

is a mechanism of evolution in which members of one biological sex choose mates of the other sex to mate with

Question 40

Coevolution

Answer 40

the process of reciprocal evolutionary change that occurs between pairs of species or among groups of species

Question 41

Convergent evolution

Answer 41

occurs when organisms that aren’t closely related evolve similar features or behaviours

Question 42

Divergent evolution

Answer 42

represents the evolutionary pattern in which species sharing a common ancestry become more distinct due to differential selection

Question 43

Founder effect

Answer 43

the reduction in genetic variation that results when a small subset of a large population is used to establish a new colony

Question 44

gene flow

Answer 44

any movement of individuals, and/or the genetic material they carry, from one population to another

Question 45

Gene frequency

Answer 45

the relative frequency of an allele (variant of a gene) at a particular locus in a population,

Question 46

Gene pool

Answer 46

the stock of different genes in an interbreeding population.

Question 47

Genetic drift

Answer 47

the change in frequency of an existing gene variant in the population due to random chance

Question 48

Geologic record

Answer 48

a standard time scale that partitions the Earth’s history into four eons and their subdivision of eras, periods, and epochs.