Unit 1 List 2 Cell Energy

Question 1

Autotroph

Answer 1

an organism that can produce its own food using light, water, carbon dioxide, or other chemical

Question 2

Light Reactions

Answer 2

the process of photosynthesis that converts energy from the sun into chemical energy in the form of NADPH and ATP

Question 3

Chlorophyll

Answer 3

any of several related green pigments found in the chloroplasts of algae and plants

Question 4

Photosynthesis

Answer 4

the process by which plants use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to create oxygen and energy in the form of sugar

Question 5

Calvin cycle

Answer 5

cycle of enzyme-catalyzed dark reactions of photosynthesis that occurs in the chloroplasts of plants

Question 6

Electron Transport Chain

Answer 6

a series of four protein complexes that couple redox reactions, creating an electrochemical gradient

Question 7

NADPH

Answer 7

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate

Question 8

Pigment

Answer 8

the natural coloring matter of animal or plant tissue.

Question 9

Granum

Answer 9

one of the stacks of chlorophyll-containing material in plant chloroplasts

Question 10

Stomata

Answer 10

a pore found in the epidermis of leaves, stems, and other organs

Question 11

Carbon Fixation

Answer 11

process by which plants and algae convert the carbon found in inorganic molecules

Question 12

Heterotrophs

Answer 12

an organism that eats other plants or animals for energy and nutrients

Question 13

Thylakoids

Answer 13

each of a number of flattened sacs inside a chloroplast,

Question 14

Carotenoids

Answer 14

any of a class of mainly yellow, orange, or red fat-soluble pigments, including carotene,

Question 15

Mitochondrial matrix

Answer 15

the mitochondrion internal spaces enclosed by the inner membrane.

Question 16

Aerobic respiration

Answer 16

A chemical process in which oxygen is used to make energy from carbohydrates (sugars)

Question 17

Fermentation

Answer 17

the chemical breakdown of a substance by bacteria, yeasts, or other microorganisms, typically involving effervescence and the giving off of heat.

Question 18

NAD+

Answer 18

a coenzyme for redox reactions

Question 19

Alcoholic fermentation

Answer 19

process by which sugar is converted into alcohol and carbon dioxide

Question 20

Glycolysis

Answer 20

glucose (sugar) is partially broken down by cells in enzyme reactions that do not need oxygen.

Question 21

ADP

Answer 21

automatic data processing

Question 22

NADH

Answer 22

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) + hydrogen (H)

Question 23

Anaerobic respiration

Answer 23

he oxidation of organic or inorganic substrates for ATP synthesis

Question 24

Cellular respiration

Answer 24

a metabolic pathway that uses glucose to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Question 25

Krebs cycle

Answer 25

a sequence of reactions in the living organism in which oxidation of acetic acid or acetyl equivalent provides energy for storage in phosphate bonds

Question 26

Pyruvic acid

Answer 26

an acid that is formed from carbohydrates during the process of glycolysis

Question 27

Citric acid

Answer 27

an organic compound with the skeletal formula HOC(CO 2H)(CH 2CO 2H) 2

Question 28

ATP

Answer 28

the source of energy for use and storage at the cellular level