Unit 3 List 3 DNA & Heredity

Question 1

cellular division

Answer 1

parent cell divides into 2 daughter cells

Question 2

egg cell

Answer 2

female reproductive cell, or gamete, in most anisogamous organisms

Question 3

epigenetic

Answer 3

how your behaviors and environment can cause changes that affect the way your genes work

Question 4

fertilization

Answer 4

when sperm and an egg join together.

Question 5

genome

Answer 5

the haploid set of chromosomes in a gamete or microorganism

Question 6

Inherited traits

Answer 6

a particular genetically determined characteristic or quality that distinguishes somebody

Question 7

Multicellular organism

Answer 7

an organism composed of many cells

Question 8

sexual reproduction

Answer 8

the production of new organisms by the combination of genetic information of two individuals of different sexes.

Question 9

sperm cell

Answer 9

The male reproductive cell, formed in the testicle.

Question 10

autosomal

Answer 10

the gene in question is located on one of the numbered, or non-sex, chromosomes

Question 11

complete dominance

Answer 11

a condition wherein the dominant allele completely masks the effect of the recessive allele

Question 12

dihybrid cross

Answer 12

a mating experiment between two organisms that are identically hybrid for two traits

Question 13

F1 (first filial)

Answer 13

first filial generation seeds/plants or animal offspring resulting from a cross-mating of distinctly different parental types

Question 14

F2 (second filial)

Answer 14

the result of a cross between two F1 individuals

Question 15

genotypic ratio

Answer 15

the ratio depicting the different genotypes of the offspring from a test cross.

Question 16

Hardy-Weinberg Conditions

Answer 16

no mutation, random mating, no gene flow, infinite population size, and no selection

Question 17

Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium

Answer 17

the amount of genetic variation in a population will remain constant from one generation to the next in the absence of disturbing factors.

Question 18

incomplete dominance

Answer 18

the genetic phenomenon in which the distinct gene products from the two codominant alleles in a heterozygote blend to form a phenotype

Question 19

monohybrid cross

Answer 19

the hybrid of two individuals with homozygous genotypes which result in the opposite phenotype

Question 20

P (parental) generation

Answer 20

the original pair of parents at the start of a genetic cross experiment

Question 21

phenotypic ratio

Answer 21

the ratio of different phenotypes present in the offspring of a cross.

Question 22

polygenic inheritance

Answer 22

a characteristic, such as height or skin color, that is influenced by two or more genes

Question 23

population

Answer 23

all the inhabitants of a particular town, area, or country.

Question 24

ratio

Answer 24

the quantitative relation between two amounts showing the number of times one value contains or is contained within the other.

Question 25

variation

Answer 25

a change or difference in condition, amount, or level, typically with certain limits.