Unit 3 List 3 DNA & Heredity Flashcards
cellular division
parent cell divides into 2 daughter cells
egg cell
female reproductive cell, or gamete, in most anisogamous organisms
epigenetic
how your behaviors and environment can cause changes that affect the way your genes work
fertilization
when sperm and an egg join together.
genome
the haploid set of chromosomes in a gamete or microorganism
Inherited traits
a particular genetically determined characteristic or quality that distinguishes somebody
Multicellular organism
an organism composed of many cells
sexual reproduction
the production of new organisms by the combination of genetic information of two individuals of different sexes.
sperm cell
The male reproductive cell, formed in the testicle.
autosomal
the gene in question is located on one of the numbered, or non-sex, chromosomes
complete dominance
a condition wherein the dominant allele completely masks the effect of the recessive allele
dihybrid cross
a mating experiment between two organisms that are identically hybrid for two traits
F1 (first filial)
first filial generation seeds/plants or animal offspring resulting from a cross-mating of distinctly different parental types
F2 (second filial)
the result of a cross between two F1 individuals
genotypic ratio
the ratio depicting the different genotypes of the offspring from a test cross.
Hardy-Weinberg Conditions
no mutation, random mating, no gene flow, infinite population size, and no selection
Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium
the amount of genetic variation in a population will remain constant from one generation to the next in the absence of disturbing factors.
incomplete dominance
the genetic phenomenon in which the distinct gene products from the two codominant alleles in a heterozygote blend to form a phenotype
monohybrid cross
the hybrid of two individuals with homozygous genotypes which result in the opposite phenotype
P (parental) generation
the original pair of parents at the start of a genetic cross experiment
phenotypic ratio
the ratio of different phenotypes present in the offspring of a cross.
polygenic inheritance
a characteristic, such as height or skin color, that is influenced by two or more genes
population
all the inhabitants of a particular town, area, or country.
ratio
the quantitative relation between two amounts showing the number of times one value contains or is contained within the other.
variation
a change or difference in condition, amount, or level, typically with certain limits.
