Unit 3 List 2 DNA & Heredity

Question 1

allele

Answer 1

one of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome.

Question 2

centromere

Answer 2

the region of a chromosome to which the microtubules of the spindle attach,

Question 3

chromatid

Answer 3

one of the two identical halves of a chromosome

Question 4

chromosome

Answer 4

thread-like structures located inside the nucleus of animal and plant cells

Question 5

codon (chart)

Answer 5

codon is a DNA or RNA sequence of three nucleotides

Question 6

crossing over

Answer 6

a cellular process that happens during meiosis when chromosomes of the same type are lined up

Question 7

daughter cell

Answer 7

Either of the two cells formed when a cell undergoes cell division by mitosis

Question 8

deletion

Answer 8

the removal or obliteration of written or printed matter

Question 9

diploid

Answer 9

(of a cell or nucleus) containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent.

Question 10

DNA

Answer 10

the molecule that carries genetic information for the development and functioning of an organism.

Question 11

fertilization

Answer 11

a complex multi-step process that is complete in 24 hours.

Question 12

frameshift

Answer 12

a genetic mutation caused by a deletion or insertion in a DNA sequence that shifts the way the sequence is read

Question 13

gamete

Answer 13

a mature haploid male or female germ cell which is able to unite with another of the opposite sex in sexual reproduction to form a zygote.

Question 14

gene

Answer 14

a unit of heredity which is transferred from a parent to offspring

Question 15

gene mutation

Answer 15

a change in one or more genes

Question 16

genetic code

Answer 16

the instructions contained in a gene

Question 17

genetic variation

Answer 17

the difference in DNA among individuals or the differences between populations among the same species

Question 18

haploid

Answer 18

refers to the presence of a single set of chromosomes

Question 19

homologous chromosome

Answer 19

is a set of one maternal and one paternal chromosome that pair up with each other

Question 20

independent assortment

Answer 20

describes how different genes independently separate from one another when reproductive cells develop.

Question 21

insertion

Answer 21

the action of inserting something.

Question 22

meiosis

Answer 22

a type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that reduces the number of chromosomes in gametes

Question 23

meiosis I

Answer 23

a type of cell division unique to germ cells,

Question 24

meiosis II

Answer 24

the sister chromatids within the two daughter cells separate, forming four new haploid gametes

Question 25

monosomy

Answer 25

the condition in which only one chromosome from a pair is present in cells

Question 26

mutagen

Answer 26

Anything that causes a mutation

Question 27

mutation

Answer 27

Any change in the DNA sequence of a cell.

Question 28

nondisjunction

Answer 28

a pair of homologous chromosomes has failed to separate or segregate at anaphase

Question 29

offspring

Answer 29

a person’s child or children.

Question 30

parent cell

Answer 30

A cell that is the source of other cells

Question 31

point mutation

Answer 31

occurs in a genome when a single base pair is added, deleted or changed

Question 32

replication

Answer 32

the action of copying or reproducing something.

Question 33

sexual reproduction

Answer 33

the production of new organisms by the combination of genetic information

Question 33

somatic cell

Answer 33

any cell of a living organism other than the reproductive cells

Question 34

substitution

Answer 34

the action of replacing someone or something with another person or thing.

Question 35

trisomy

Answer 35

a chromosomal condition characterised by an additional chromosome.

Question 36

trait

Answer 36

a distinguishing quality or characteristic, typically one belonging to a person.