UNIT 4 - JOINTS CONT. Flashcards

1
Q

Define isotonic contractions

A

those which cause the muscle to change length as it contracts and moves a body part

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2
Q

List the two types isotonic contraction

A

concentric and eccentric

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3
Q

define concentric contraction

A

contractions that cause the muscle to shorten as it contracts. eg - bending elbow from straight to fully flexed causes concentric contraction of biceps.
most common type

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4
Q

define eccentric contraction

A

opposite of concentric. causes muscle to lengthen as it contracts. eg - lowering dumbell. muscle still contracts to hold weight down but is still lengthening

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5
Q

define isometric contractions

A

occur when there is no change in the length of the contracting muscle; when carrying an object in front of the body. the weight pulls the arms down but muscles have to contract to hold the weight at the sesame level.
eg - when you grip onto something like a tennis racket. hand muscles have to contract to hold it.

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6
Q

when is the muscle at optimum length?

A

when maximum isometric force can be produced

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7
Q

define isokinetic contractions

A

muscle changes length during contractions. produce movement at a constant speed. difficult to measure this contraction, but there are isokinetic dynamometers. an example is during breaststroke

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8
Q

define reciprocal inhibition

A

a neuromuscular reflex that inhibits opposing muscles to enable voluntary movement. the concept that muscles work in pairs or groups (agonist and antagonist)

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9
Q

what causes DOMS?

A

results primarily from exxentric muscle action and is associated with structural muscle damage; inflammitory reactions in the muscle; overstretching and overtraining

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10
Q

how is DOMS prevented?

A

by reducing the eccentric component of muscle actions during early training. start training at low intensity and gradually increase. warm up and cool down.

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11
Q

what produces DOMS?

A

small tears
Small pressure causing fluid retentions in surrounding tissue
Muscle spasms
Overstretching muscle
Accute inflammation
Alteration in the cells’ mechanism calcium regulation

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