UNIT 1.1 - SKELETAL SYSTEM Flashcards
Superior
Towards the head of the body (eg- the humerous is superior to the ulner)
Inferior
Away from the head of the body; lower (eg - tibia is inferior to pelvic girdle)
Anterior
Front (eg - patella is located on the anterior side of the leg)
Posterior
Back (eg - scapula is on the posterior side)
Medial
Towards the midline of the body
Lateral
Away from the midline of the body
Proximal
Towards or nearest to the trunk or point of origin of a part (eg - proximal end of femur joins with pelvic bone)
Distal
away from or farthest from the trunk or point of origin of a part (eg - metacarpals located at distal end of ulna)
Axial Skeleton
the centre of the human body. It houses and protects vital organs. Consists of skull, ribs, sternum, vertebral column
Appendicular skeleton
Consists of pectoral girdle, humerus radius, ulna, carpals, etc
Function of axial skeleton
Has 2 main functions: first to protect and support organs in dorsal and ventral cavities. Secondly, it creates surface for attachment of muscles. Joints within the axial skeleton provide limited movement. Made up of 126 bones. Provides stability, balance and bodily structure.
Function of appendicular skeleton
Proviedes movement and joints are not fused. Allows a person to move their limbs during movement
Long bones
humerus, femur, fibula, tibia, radius, ulna, metacarpal, metatarsal, phalanges
Short bones
Tarsals, carpals
Irregular bones
vertebrae, sacrum
Cartilage
Joins bone and allows limited movement
Ligament
attaches bone to bone. Helps provide stability to synovial joints
Tendon
Attachet skeletal muscle to bone. Helps provide stability for synovial joints. Tendons enable flexion and/or extension of the joint
What is the main function of the knee joint?
The knee joint lugament attaches the femur to the tibia, and provides stability
Define the term joint
a joint occurs where two or more bone articulate
What are the three types of carilaginous joints?
Fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial
What is a fibrous joint?
fibrous joints are connected by dense connective tissue and consist mainly of collagen. They are also called fixed joints because they do not move. They have no joint cavity and are connected via fibrous connective tissue. Eg - the skull bones begin to fuse after birth to protect the brian
What is a cartilaginous joint?
Connected entirely by cartilage. They allow more movement between bones than fibrous joints, but less than synovial joints. Eg - the joint between the manubrium and the sternum. This type of joint also forms in the growth regions of immature long bones and the intervertebral discs of the spine.
What is a synovial joint?
Most common and moveable joint. They are freely moveable articulations. The continguous bony surfaces are convered with articular cartilage and connected by ligaments lined by synovial membrane. The joint may be divided by an articular disk or meniscus, the periphery of which is continuous with the fibrous capsule while its free surfaces are covered by synovial membrane. eg - knee
