Unit 4 - Internationalism Flashcards
What is internationalism?
Cooperation among nations for the promotion of their common good.
What are needs and wants?
Need is something one needs to survive. A want is something that one desires; not needed to survive.
Describe Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs (general) and relate it to needs and wants.
It is a theory that organizes what are peoples needs + wants. The bottom tier, physiological needs, are the most needed.
What are nations motivated to achieve and maintain?
Economic stability, peace + security, self-determination, and humanitarianism.
How can a nation achieve economic stability?
Government spends more money on industries → skilled workforce → increase in economic development in many industries → more job opportunities.
How can a nation achieve peace and security? On a national and international level.
Pass laws, make rules for citizens, and police their regions to ensure peace + security. On an international level, avoiding war and making peaceful alliances with other nations.
What is NATO 1949? How do member countries contribute to NATO?
North Atlantic Treaty Organization is a protective alliance created to ensure the safety of western nations. By putting 2% of their GDP into their own military.
What was NATO originally created to do? What purpose does NATO serve today?
It was made for defensive purposes, but now its an international military alliance with the desire to provide global security.
What are some other international organizations that promote peace?
The UN, NORAD, NGOs.
What is humanitarianism?
Helping people in need or in a desperate situation.
What are some examples of where humanitarianism is needed?
Natural disasters, wars, diseases, and conflict.
What kind of aid can be provided? (Humanitarianism)
Money, workers on scene, supplies, emergency teams, etc.
What are failed-states?
If a country fails to provide its citizens with basic needs.
What is isolationism? Examples…
When a nation isolates themselves from global affairs. Example) USA after WW1.
What is unilateralism? Examples…
Responding to events by yourself. Example) US and Russia during the cold war.
What is Bilateralism? Examples…
When 2 countries work together to achieve a collective goal. It’s an agreement between 2 countries. Example) NORAD.
What is multilateralism? Examples…
When multiple countries work together to address a common issue. Example) NATO, WTO, UN.
What is supranationalism? Examples…
When countries go along with a decision made by an international organization. Ex) WTO, EU, etc.
What are some benefits of internationalism?
People work collectively to solve problems is key.
What is the World Bank at International Monetary Fund?
World Bank + the IMF; gives money + technical help to developing countries.
What is the World Trade Organization?
Promotes freer trade + settles trade disputes.
What were the organizations that were created after the world wars to maintain peace and security?
WW1: League of nations; WW2: the UN.
What is the WHO 1948?
Created to tackle world health issues. They develop + provide information about contagious diseases.
What is the artic council? What countries are included?
Combination of government and indigenous representatives that is dedicated to protect the environment + promotes sustainable development. Includes countries that have territory in the arctic region. Ex) Canada, US, Denmark, Russia, etc.
What are the pros and cons of self-determination?
Countries got self-determination after long periods of colonization, however, the voices of the indigenous were ignored.
What is UNDRIP?
It outlines the rights of indigenous people around the world.
What are initiatives regarding humanitarianism (organizations)?
Red Cross + Red Crescent.
What is the greatest achievement of the WHO?
Elimination of small pox.
What is foreign policy?
A guide that directs the government’s decision about its relations with other nations.
What is a military dictatorship and a democracy?
Dictatorship; leader makes all decisions without consulting people. Democracy; Decision must reflect the beliefs and goals of the country’s’ citizens.
What are some influencers of a country’s foreign policy?
Leaders views, history, views of other countries, geography, police opinion, etc.
What are some of Canada’s foreign policies?
NGOs, history, cabinet, diplomats, minster of foreign affairs, etc.
Carrying out foreign policy: What is diplomacy and negotiation?
When diplomats attempt to persuade nations to adjust their policies.
Carrying out foreign policy: What are secret actions?
Spying to gain an advantage.
Carrying out foreign policy: What is military intervention?
When one nation’s troops are sent it to another country for a cause.
What kind of foreign policy does Canada prefer (‘ism’)?
Multilateralism.
What are the 3 ways internationalism can be promoted through foreign policy?
International agreements, peacekeeping, and foreign aid.
What is the UN’s international court of justice?
It attempts to settle international disputes peacefully.
Peace promotion: What are incentives + sanctions?
Incentives: When a hostile nation is offered more trade, aid, loans, etc. to stop hostile nature.
Sanctions: When trade relations are cut off from that nation to stop hostile behavior.
What are the 4 goals of the UN?
1) Keep global peace.
2) Promote friendly alliances.
3) Help countries improve their citizens’ rights.
4) Harmonize actions of other nations.
What do UN members have to do regarding peacekeeping? What are the duties of peacekeepers?
They have to participate in Un missions, but they can choose which ones; Consent, impartiality, and self-defense.
What is the security council?
Has 15 member who meet to assess the threats to international security.
Who are the 5 permanenet memebrs on the security council?
China, US, Russia, Britain, and France.
Why are they the 5 permenant members?
Winners of WW2.
What would happen to a resolution if a member vetoes it?
The resolution dies/it is not carried out.
Regarding the League of Nations, what was the purpose of the security council?
Provide the muscle that was not in the League of Nations.
What is the economic and social council? Example of the issues they work on…
Created to coordinate economic and social works. Poverty, women’s issues, etc.
What is foreign aid?
Money/supplies given from one nation to another.
Foreign aid: What was L.B Pearson’s idea regarding foreign aid? Why was this idea not embraced?
0.7% of gross national income should be put aside for foreign aid; some believed this money could be used elsewhere.
Criticisms of foreign aid: What is tied aid?
Aid where something is expected in return, such as buying goods and services only from the country providing the aid.
Criticisms of foreign aid: What is wrong with aid provided without consultation?
Aid isn’t proper for country’s culture.
Criticisms of foreign aid: What is the problem with complex delivery systems?
Confusion as to where to allocate the resources.
Criticisms of foreign aid: What is the problem with bureaucracy?
Layers of governments delaying giving out the aid to people in need.
Criticisms of foreign aid: What is the problem with corruption?
When officials take the money or supplies instead of distributing it.
What is an NGO? Examples…
Non-profit/non-governmental organization that can be organized at all the 3 levels. Ex) Canadian cancer society.
What are landmines and how do they affect people?
Weapons used for defensive purpose. They hurt people more than soldiers.
What is a minefield and what is the problem with it?
Minefields can still have undetonated bombs and the land is unusable after planting landmines.
What is the Ottawa treaty? And it is an example of?
Bill to stop the use of landmines. It’s an example of internationalism.
What is the global village?
Where people are all inter-connected as technology has removed all political, social, and economic barriers between people and the world.
What is voluntary balkanization?
When like-minded people isolate themselves into groups that hostile to groups with different values.
What is an example of voluntary balkanization?
Kosovo attempting to break away from Yugoslavia.
What is the responsibility to protect?
The UN must protect people in a nation that violates citizens’ rights + doesn’t uphold their welfare.
What is a common human heritage? What is an organization that is based around this?
Cultural inheritance from the past in world heritage sites, traditional skills + knowledge and the arts; UNESCO.
What are some threats to common human heritage?
A nation’s desire to economically grow. Their national interests might not be based around preserving these historical sites.
What are the cons of increased contact?
Can erode a nation’s sovereignty.
What is the trickle down effect?
When developed nations have more money to spend, they will invest in buying goods/services from developing nations. This money flow assists those in developing countries.
What are some criticism of the trickle down effect
Slows down growth and creates financial crisis.
What kind of an organization is the Inuit Circumpolar Conference?
NGO.
What kind of an organization is the Arctic council?
NGO/governmental.
What kind of an organization is La Francophonie?
Governmental.
What are some security organizations?
NATO and NORAD.
What kind of an (‘ism”) is NORAD?
Bilateralism.
What are some modern global issues?
Climate change, spread of disease, and control over waters.
Why is climate change a global issue?
Actions of one nation can affect another nation.
What are some of the impacts of climate change?
Polar ice caps melting, more wildfires, extreme temperatures, etc.
What is the Kyoto protocol?
When countries met in 1997 to find a solution to climate change. This included cutting emissions 5.2% lower than 1990s level by 2012.
Why did Canada remove itself from the Kyoto Protocol?
Because of how other nations were not following it; Canada would be place at an economic disadvantage.
What is the Paris Accord?
International agreement that wants to keep temperature rise below 2%.
What are some statistics(not numbers) relating to water?
Many people don’t have access to clean water, many children die from water diseases, and 8 seconds, a child dies from drinking dirty water.
How much of the world’s freshwater does Canada have?
20% with 0.5% of the population.
What are some of the international pressures associated with having a lot of fresh water?
These countries must share water with countries that need them.
What is absolute poverty?
The severe deprivation of basic human needs.
What are the causes of poverty?
Lack of… education, access to resources. War, trade rules, and discrimination.
What is the cycle of poverty?
No basic education → job finding trouble → cycle of poverty.
What is the world food summit?
When countries met to reduce world hunger by half in 2015.
What is HIV/AIDS closely connected with?
Poverty and lack of education.
What is a con of the World Bank and the IMF?
The money has to repaid with interest. This hinders a nation’s ability to provide its citizens with health, education, and social services.
What is odious debt? Examples…
Loan taken by government to oppress its people or for its personal use. South Africa borrowing money to enforce apartheid laws.
What is the universal Declaration of Human Rights 1948? What is the problem with this?
It states that the UN can take action in a place where a nation violates its citizens’ rights. However, political alliances can affect this.
