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Social 20 - 1 > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a nation?

A

Group of individuals that have connections to each other.

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2
Q

What connections lead to the building of nations?

A

Religious or spiritual beliefs, geography, politics and citizenship, ethnicity, cultural values and beliefs, language and communication.

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3
Q

What is a nation-state? Can people living in nation-states have similar values and beliefs?

A

A country that has borders, international recognition, and the right to govern itself. People in nation states can have similar values and beliefs.

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4
Q

What is nationalism?

A

Strong belief and belonging to one’s nation.

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5
Q

What are some examples of nationalist movements?

A
  • Alt-Right Extremists.
  • Quebecois.
  • French Revolution.
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6
Q

What is xenophobia?

A

Dislike of people from other countries.

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7
Q

What is patriotism?

A

Belief that one’s country is superior.

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8
Q

How do you create a sense of nationalism - geography-wise?

A

Land is imp. for nationalists. The borders of countries are important, and people who live in the same place have unity. Ex) First Nations’ sense of belonging in Canada.

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9
Q

How do you create a sense of nationalism - language-wise?

A

Language is imp. for nationalism as it’s hard to create belonging when people speak different languages. Losing language causes ethnic groups to lose identity. Ex) First Nations in residential schools.

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10
Q

How do you create a sense of nationalism - religion-wise?

A

Nations and some nation-states are built around religion. Gives strong sense of community, and bring together or push nations apart. Ex) Israel.

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11
Q

How do you create a sense of nationalism - ethnicity and culture-wise?

A

National belonging can be made through ethnicity. Ethnic similarities are linked to cultural + religious similarities in a society.

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12
Q

How do you create a sense of nationalism - citizenship (civic nationalism)-wise?

A

Citizens are part of a nation-state. Citizens show civic nationalism by paying taxes, voting, obeying laws, respecting others’ rights, serving in the public sector.

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13
Q

What are examples of requests of reasonable and unreasonable accommodation?

A

Reasonable - Baltej Singh wanted to replace his Stetson with a Turban.
Unreasonable - An employee wanted to exchange a hard hat for a Turban.

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14
Q

Case study - What was the Battle of Beaumont-Hamel?

A

Canada day is a day of mourning for the people of Newfoundland. Many soldiers died that day.

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15
Q

Case study - What is Bill 21?

A

A Bill issued by the government of Quebec insisting that hijabs, crosses, skull caps, and turbans should not be worn at any public sector jobs.

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16
Q

Case study - What is the Winnipeg General Strike?

A

A strike for worker’s rights in Winnipeg, included 30, 000 people. Began in 1919, ceased the same year with the killing of 2 people and many injured.

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17
Q

Case study - Western Alienation - What was the National Energy Program (NEP)?

A

To alleviate high oil costs, the Trudeau government created the NEP to lower oil prices. As a result, many companies left Alberta because it wasn’t profitable, this resulted in huge economic and profit loss for the province. NEP was later dropped.

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18
Q

What is collective consciousness?

A

Shared beliefs + attitudes that act as a unifying force in society.

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19
Q

What is pluralism?

A

Society should be inclusive and diverse as diversity benefits all.

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20
Q

What is the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms?

A

Describes your fundamental freedoms, and it protects you against discrimination.

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21
Q

What was the 7 years war? (French and Indian war)

A

It happened throughout 1756-63. The leaders were Wolfe and Montcalm. It resulted in the treaty of Paris (new France is given to Britain).

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22
Q

What is the Quebec act? (1774) What was the problem with this?

A

The French language and Catholic church were accepted, as well as their civil law. Catholics were allowed to hold office, and had an appointed council. Problems: Church and seigneurs had too much power, this power made them like the British. Normal people don’t have power, made them hate the British.

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23
Q

What was the American war of Independence?

A

America separated from Britain, and Loyalists went to Quebec. These loyalists wanted land and representative assembly.

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24
Q

What was the Constitutional Act? (1791)

A

It introduced elected assemblies, appointed governors, and advisors.

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25
Q

What was the war of 1812?

A

Britain traded with the FN. This made them more supplied to fight the Americans. A result of this was hate in BNA colonies towards America.

26
Q

What were the rebellions of 1837-38? What was the result of it?

A

Farmers of Upper and Lower Canada formed a rebellion because of poor living standard, low French representation, and crop failures. This resulted in the Durham report.

27
Q

What is the Durham report? (1839)

A

Union of upper and lower Canada to assimilate the French.

28
Q

What is the Act of Union? (1841)

A

Colonies debts are paid for (Quebec had less debt), and it created a legislative assembly with equal representation (Quebec had a smaller populace). It dictated that French can’t be used in assembly.

29
Q

What is Liberal nationalism?

A

Form of nationalism that exists in a non-xenophobic way as a way of freedom, tolerance, and individual rights.

30
Q

What did Lafontaine and Baldwin do in response to the Act of Union?

A

They wanted to preserve French culture, and a responsible government that listened to the people’s needs. In 1848, French became an Official Language of the assembly.

31
Q

Why was Canada created?

A

Created in 1867 by Macdonald, and Cartier to not be annexed into America.

32
Q

What was the quiet revolution (1960)?

A

Reformed education, and social programs to offer services in French. These reforms reduced anglo. influence in Quebec, and shaped Quebecois identity. It also helped the youth to be part of the Franco. nation.

33
Q

What is Quebecois nationalism?

A

It is a feeling and a political doctrine that prioritizes cultural belonging to, the defence of the interests of, and the recognition of the political legitimacy of the Québécois nation. It has been a movement and a central issue in Quebec politics since the beginning of the 19th century. Québécois nationalism has seen several political, ideological and partisan variations and incarnations over the years.

34
Q

What is the Official Languages Act (1969)?

A

English + French are official languages of Canada. Services will be provided in either language.

35
Q

What was the October (FLQ) crisis (1970)?

A

Some Quebecois felt the reforms weren’t enough, so the FLQ group kidnapped 2 politicians and killed 1. This led to the War Measures Act, and caused a divide between Canada and Quebec.

36
Q

What were the 1980 Referendums?

A

Quebec was asked if it wanted sovereignty, 60% said no, 40% yes.

37
Q

What is the constitution Act of 1982?

A

This created the Charter of Rights and Freedoms, Quebec didn’t sign the constitution as they would lose Bill 101.

38
Q

What are the 1995 referendums?

A

A vote if Quebec should be sovereign, 50.8% said no. Showed Quebec’s indecisiveness.

39
Q

Quebec today? (Constitution, etc.)

A

Not all Franco. live in Quebec and Quebec hasn’t signed the constitution.

40
Q

What is Acadia?

A

French colonists (have weak ties to France) living in an area.

41
Q

What is the great deportation? (1755-64)

A

Acadians were deported because the British thought they might support the French. Only 20% could escape this.

42
Q

What is Metis nationalism?

A

A distinct aboriginal group with European and aboriginal ancestry.

43
Q

Who is Louis Riel?

A

Hero or traitor to many. Riel and his group wanted to sent Fed. surveyors away. Riel was passionate abt defending Metis rights, and didn’t want more Euro. expansion into Aboriginal territories. This led to the Red River rebellion.

44
Q

What is the Red River rebellion?

A

Riel took over Fort Garry, and called a provisional government, and negotiated with the Canadian government.

45
Q

What is the Manitoba Schools Act?

A

Manitoba had bilingual Catholic and Protestant education ways, but in 1890, anglophones did not want French as an official language. This act was created to remove Franco + Catholic education. This was removed eventually, if there was enough people they were subject to minority education rights, but the act was later put again.

46
Q

What is a treaty?

A

Treaties are an agreement between the Crown and FN groups, and do NOT end.

47
Q

What were treaties from the Crown’s point of view?

A

They are for peaceful union and extinguishes the title of Aboriginal people.

48
Q

What were treaties in the FN’s point of view?

A

Respectful agreement (assumption), and it outlines rights, benefits, etc.

49
Q

What was promised in Treaty 6 (1876)? Crown’s and FN’s views…

A

The Crown wanted total land surrender with set out reserves for FN people, but the FN believed it was to share the land.

50
Q

What is the Indian Act (1876)?

A

An assimilative aw made by the government which introduced residential schools, set out reserve land, status, and First Nations’ governments. Has been amended to remove discriminatory things.

51
Q

What is Indian Status?

A

Determines who is Status Indian, these terms have changed over time.

52
Q

What was the British and French Invasion (Pre-1850s) regarding immigration?

A

British, and Irish immigrants. Slaves, and loyalists come to Canada.

53
Q

What were the Shelbourne Race riots?

A

White loyalists attacked a preacher who was baptizing people regardless of race. They rioted for 10 days and destroyed Black loyalists’ houses. Black loyalists had to flee the place.

54
Q

What was the Western Expansion (1850-1910) regarding immigration?

A

The Dominion Lands Act provided immigrants with 160 acres of land if they farmed it.

55
Q

What were the consequences of Western Expansion?

A

Loss of way of life for Aboriginal peoples, and the Red River up rise. It also increased European settlement, and treaties signing.

56
Q

What was Chinese immigration regarding the railway?

A

Chinese railway workers were brought to work on the Canadian Pacific railway. In 1835, the Canadian government put a Chinese head tax to prevent immigration. They also prevented Chinese immigration for a period of time.

57
Q

What was “Racial Profiling” (1910-67) regarding Canadian immigration? (Komagata Maru)

A

In 1908, Canada prevented immigration from India, by dictating that people can only come if they make a continuous journey from India, which was not possible. The Komagata Maru brought Indians to Vancouver for work, the ship was denied entry. They remained there for a while, even though conditions on the ship became intolerable. When the ship returned to India, the British believed this was an action against the empire and shot many people.

58
Q

What was post WW2 immigration?

A

Italians: Largest group of immigrants at the time, and in the 1960s, there was an increase of Indian and Hispanic immigration.

59
Q

How was immigration from 1967 to now? (The Points system, and modern Canada)

A

This system provided points to the aspiring emigrant based on some reasons. Ex) Relatives in Canada, knowledge of French or English, etc.

60
Q

What did Canada do regarding multiculturalism?

A

In 1971, Canada was the first country to make an official multiculturalism policy. This indicated Canada’s pluralism.

61
Q

What is Alienation?

A

The feeling of being left out, when one should feel like they belong.

62
Q

What are equalization payments?

A

When a province gets additional money depending on their condition.

Social 20 - 1 (5 decks)

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