Unit 2 - Shaping Nationalism Flashcards
How was life before the French revolution?
- Roman empire fell.
- American revolution.
- English civil war.
- Feudalism/mercantilism.
How did the roman empire fall?
Divide/unrest between slaves and free people, high taxes, rise of Christian religion, and barbarians.
What is feudalism?
Euro. social system that didn’t have much mobility. It was divided between peasants, knights, lords, and then the King.
How was feudalism like for low and upper class?
The peasants starve, were poor, had small homes, payed high taxes, etc. For the upper class, all the money flowed to the nobles, ample basic needs, little taxes and low responsibility.
What was the renaissance and enlightenment period?
New way of thinking was constructed, and it was a cultural movement.
What were the key ideas of the renaissance?
Humanism, church → science, placed importance on a questioning, curious mind.
What were the key ideas of the enlightenment?
People questioned divine right, and economic restructuring. Reason and logic were more valued than faith and superstition.
Who were some key enlightenment thinkers?
Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, Voltaire, Rousseau, and Montesquieu.
What is mercantilism?
A theory that uses colonies and protectionism to earn profit through trade.
What were the events that led to the American revolution?
Seven years’ war, Royal proclamation of 1763, colonists being taxed, and the Boston Tea Party.
What was the Boston tea party (igniter)?
Taxes were imposed on tea to resolve Britain’s debt. In retaliation, American colonists dumped tea into the ocean. This was the catalyst for the American revolution.
What events occurred during the American revolutions?
This was the fight for independence against Britain, and it proceeded after Britain tightened its rule over the colonies.
What is unification nationalism?
When a larger nation is combined under common ideals.
What is the “melting pot”?
America’s culture “melted” people from different cultures and backgrounds; this was assimilative.
What is the American civil war?
The confederates (south) wanted slavery, but the unionists (north) opposed slavery. Lincoln freed all slaves in 1862, and this led to the civil war. This decision was meant to create unity, but created divisiness.
What caused the American revolution?
Religious intolerance, enlightenment, economic distress, social injustice, unpopular method of rule, and nationalism.
What is the American dream?
Hard work and determination can be used to achieve one’s goals, rather than socioeconomic status.
What is prestige nationalism?
Nationalism’s admired because of country’s strong and distinguished past.
What is Jingoism?
Extreme nationalism in the form of warlike policies.
French revolution: What is the old regime?
Socio-political system in 18th century Europe.
What is absolutism?
The monarch had complete control over their subjects.
What are the first, second, and third estates?
The first estate was made up of the clergy, the second estate was made up of the nobles, and the third, the peasants.
How was government under the old regime?
The monarch ruled by divine right, so they can’t be questioned. The king appointed governors, tax collectors, enforced law, decided how taxes were spent, and could imprison people without reason.
What were the economic conditions under the old regime?
The country economy was based on agriculture, peasant farmers had taxes, the Bourgeoisie of the third estate had wealth, but didn’t want to pay taxes.
What is deficit spending, and how did France become bankrupt?
When the government spends more money than it makes from taxes. Money was wasted by the king and queen, and used to fund the American revolution.
What was the philosophy of the French revolution?
The enlightenment theories were used, such as natural law, and questioning divine right. People became more secular in thinking, and used logic, rather than faith.
