Unit 4: Global Interactions Flashcards
What did the intensification of trade bring?
Brought prosperity and economic disruption to merchants and governments in trading regions of the Indian Ocean, Mediterranean, the Sahara, land based Northern Europe, Atlantic Ocean trade routes, increased but the Silk roads, Mediterranean Seas, Trans-Saharan, and land-based Northern European trade declined at the end of this period.
What previous European technologies developed in Classical, Islamic, and Asian worlds?
Cartography and navigation
What made transoceanic trade possible?
New tools, innovations in ship designs, and an improved understanding of global wind and current patterns
What are some examples of innovations in ship design?
Caravel, Carrack, and the Fluyt
What were new transoceanic maritime reconnaissance that occurred during this period?
The Portuguese developed Maritime technology and Navigational skills
Prince Henry the Navigator opens schools of navigation
Improvements increase trade with West Africa
Portugal established a global trade-post empire
The Spanish sponsor the first Columbian voyage and subsequent voyages across the Atlantic and Pacific dramatically increased European interest in Transoceanic travel and trade.
Northern Atlantic crossings for fishing and settlements continued and spurred European searches for multiple routes in Asia.
Who was the new global circulation of goods facilitated by?
It was facilitated by chartered European monopoly companies that took silver from Spanish colonies in the Americas to purchase Asian goods for the Atlantic markets.
How did regional markets in Afro-Eurasia continue to flourish?
By establishing commercial practices and new transoceanic shipping services developed by European merchants.
Who transported goods from one Asian country to another market in Asia or the Indian Ocean region?
The Dutch and Portuguese
What was commercialization and the creation of global economy connected to?
Connected to the new global flow of silver from the Americas.
Who was influenced by mercantilism?
Joint-stock companies that controlled domestic and colonial economies.
What did the Atlantic system move between Europe, the Americas, and Africa?
goods, wealth, free and coerced laborers. Also the mixing of cultures and the development of syncretic religions.
What new connections between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres resulted in the Columbian Exchange?
European colonization of the Americas led to the spread of diseases and unintentional transfer of disease vectors (mosquitos and rats)
American foods became staple crops in various parts of Europe, Asia, and Africa (Potatoes, Maize, and Manioc)
Cash crops were grown primarily on plantations with coerced labor and were exported mostly to Europe and the Middle East (sugar, Tobacco)
Afro-Eurasian fruit trees, grains, sugar, and domesticated animals were brought by Europeans to the Americas (Horses, Cattle, Pigs)
Other foods were brought from Africa to the Americas by slaves (Okra and Rice)
Populations in Afro-Eurasia benefited nutritionally from the increased diversity of America and food crops.
The introduction of European agriculture and settlement practices in the Americas affected the physical environment through deforestation and soil depletion.
What did increased interactions between and within hemispheres lead to?
Lead to the spread and reform of existing religions and created syncretic belief systems and practices.
What did the Sufi’s practices contribute?
To the spread of Islam in Afro-Eurasia.
What political rivalry intensified the split between the Sunni and Shi’a?
Ottomans and Safavids.
What reformations continued the spread of Christianity throughout the world?
The Protestant and Catholic reformations.
Where and how did Vodun develop?
Developed in the Caribbean as a result of interactions between Christianity and African religions.
Where and how did Sikhism develop?
Developed in South Asia as a result of interactions between Hinduism and Islam.
Where did Buddhism decline and then spread to?
Declined in South Asia and spread in Northeast Asia and the Mainland Southeast Asia.
What are some examples of art or monumental architecture that legitimized a ruler?
Ottoman Miniature Painting
Qing Imperial Portraits
Mughal Mausolea and Mosques such as the Taj Mahal
European Palaces, such as Versailles
Why did states treat different ethnic and religious groups in different ways?
So they could utilize their economic contributions while limiting their ability to challenge the authority of a state.
