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CH 320M > Unit 4: Functional Groups/IUPAC Naming > Flashcards

Unit 4: Functional Groups/IUPAC Naming Flashcards

1
Q

Functional groups are ____________ within a molecule that have characteristic sets of _________

A

an atom or groups of atoms
properties

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2
Q

Alcohol (-OH) is an oxygen atom bound to _________ on one side and _________ on the other side

A

hydrogen, carbon atom

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3
Q

“R” =

A

rest of molecule

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4
Q

R — OH

A

Alcohol (-OH)

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5
Q

Oxygen atom bound to hydrogen on one side and carbon atom on the other side

A

Alcohol (-OH)

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6
Q

OH

A

hydroxyl group

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7
Q

hydroxyl group

A

OH

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8
Q

Alcohols are classified as primary (1º), secondary (2º) or tertiary (3º), depending on…

A

the number of atoms that are bound to the carbon that bears the hydroxyl (-OH) group

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9
Q

Amine is a _________ atom (amino group) bound to ___________

A

nitrogen, 1+ carbon atoms

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10
Q

Amines are classified as primary (1º), secondary (2º) or tertiary (3º), depending on…

A

the number of atoms that are bound to the nitrogen atom

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11
Q

Aldehyde is a carbon atom with a double bond to ________ (carbonyl), a single bond to _________, and a single bond to __________

A

oxygen
hydrogen
another carbon
(-CHO)

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12
Q

Carbon atom with a double bond to oxygen (carbonyl), a single bond to hydrogen, and a single bond to another carbon

A

Aldehyde (-CHO)

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13
Q

C == O

A

carbonyl group

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14
Q

carbonyl group

A

C == O

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15
Q

Ketone is a carbon atom with a double bond to _______ (carbonyl) and two single bonds to two other _________

A

oxygen, carbons

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16
Q

Ketones are similar to aldehydes, but with ________ on both sides of the carbonyl group

A

carbons

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17
Q

Carbon atom with a double bond to oxygen (carbonyl) and two single bonds to two other carbons

A

Ketone

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18
Q

Carboxylic acid is a carbon atom with a __________, a single bond to a ___________, and a single bond to ____________

A

carbon double bond to oxygen (carbonyl), hydroxyl group (-OH), another carbon

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19
Q

O == C – OH

A

carboxyl group

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20
Q

carboxyl group

A

O == C – OH

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21
Q

Carbon atom with a double bond to oxygen (carbonyl), a single bond to a hydroxyl group (-OH), and a single bond to another carbon

A

Carboxylic acid

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22
Q

Ester is a derivative of a carboxylic acid, but…

A

with a carbon-containing group bound to the other side of
oxygen instead of a hydrogenà (-OR) instead of (-OH)

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23
Q

Ester is a derivative of a carboxylic acid, but with a _______ bound to the other side of oxygen instead of a __________

A

carbon-containing group, hydrogen

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24
Q

derivative of a carboxylic acid, but with a carbon-containing group bound to the other side of oxygen instead of a hydrogenà (-OR) instead of (-OH)

A

Ester

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25
Q

ROR

A

Ether

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26
Q

Ether is __________ bound between two _________ atoms, where neither ________ is part of a __________

A

oxygen
carbon
carbon
carbonyl (C == O)

27
Q

Oxygen bound between two carbon atoms, where neither carbon is part of a carbonyl

A

Ether

28
Q

Amide is a derivative of a carboxylic acid, but with an ________ instead of a _________

A

amine, hydroxyl (-OH)

29
Q

Hydrocarbons are molecules (aka compounds) made of only _________ and __________

A

carbon, hydrogen

30
Q

Saturated hydrocarbons have only…

A

single bonds (no double and/or triple)

31
Q

Unsaturated hydrocarbons have…

A

double and/or triple bonds

32
Q

Alkanes have only…

A

carbon-carbon single bonds

33
Q

Alkenes have one or more…

A

carbon-carbon double bonds

34
Q

Alkynes have one or more…

A

carbon-carbon triple bonds

35
Q

Alkanes are __________ composed of only __________

A

hydrocarbons, single bonds

36
Q

Alkanes are named and identified by the ___________ they contain

A

number of carbons

37
Q

meth =

A

1 carbon

38
Q

eth =

A

2 carbons

39
Q

pro =

A

3 carbons

40
Q

but =

A

4 carbons

41
Q

pent =

A

5 carbons

42
Q

hex =

A

6 carbons

43
Q

hept =

A

7 carbons

44
Q

oct =

A

8 carbons

45
Q

non =

A

9 carbons

46
Q

dec =

A

10 carbons

47
Q

M E P B —>

A

must eat peanut butter

48
Q

Linear (unbranched) alkanes have prefix indicating the _________ on the chain and suffix _________

A

the number of carbon atoms, “-ane”

49
Q

CH3 group =

A

methyl

50
Q

When naming alkanes: if there is only one substituent, number the parent chain that gives the substituent the _________

A

lowest number

51
Q

the number of times a ___________ is indicated by di, tri, tetra, etc

A

substituent occurs

52
Q

When naming alkanes: if there are two or more IDENTICAL substituents, number the parent chain from the end that…

A

gives the lowest number to the substituent that is encountered first

53
Q

When naming alkanes: If there are two or more DIFFERENT substituents, list the substituents in _______ and number the parent chain from the end that…

A

alphabetical order
encounters the substituent closer to the beginning of the alphabet FIRST

54
Q

When naming alkanes: If there are 2 different substituents in equivalent positions on opposite positions give the substituent # in _________

A

alphabetical order

55
Q

When naming alkanes: If there are 2 or more parent chains of EQUAL LENGTH, choose the parent chain with…

A

the greater number of substituents

56
Q

-an-

A

all single bonds

57
Q

-en-

A

one or more double bonds

58
Q

-yn-

A

one or more triple bonds

59
Q

-e

A

hydrocarbon

60
Q

-ol

A

alcohol

61
Q

-al

A

aldehyde

62
Q

-amine

A

amine

63
Q

-one

A

ketone

64
Q

-oic acid

A

carboxylic acid

CH 320M (8 decks)

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