Unit 1: Atomic Structure, Electronegativity, Bonding, and Formal Charges

Question 1

Atoms are made of…

Answer 1

protons, neutrons, and electrons

Question 2

Each shell is _________, which means only specific values of energy are possible

Answer 2

quantized

Question 3

What is the relationship between distance and energy in an atom?

Answer 3

greater distance = greater energy

Question 4

valence electron outermost = most ________

Answer 4

reactive

Question 5

What is the relationship between energy and reactivity in an atom?

Answer 5

greater energy = greater reactivity

Question 6

Electron configuration describes the _____ that electrons occupy

Answer 6

orbitals

Question 7

The ________ electron configuration is the lowest energy electron configuration

Answer 7

ground state

Question 8

Aufbau (______) Principle: orbitals fill in order of _______

Answer 8

build-up, increasing

Question 9

only 2 e- can occupy an orbital, and their spins must be paired

Answer 9

Pauli Exclusion Principle

Question 10

Hund’s Rule:
1) electrons remain _____ as long as possible
2) single e- in degenerate orbitals must have….

Answer 10

unpaired
the same spin

Question 11

Excited state is denoted by

Answer 11

*
Ex. ^13Al*

Question 12

Valence electrons are electrons on the _________ shell

Answer 12

outermost

Question 13

Lose or gain electrons (_____ bond)

Answer 13

ionic

Question 14

Share electrons with your neighbor (______ bond)

Answer 14

covalent

Question 15

an atom’s attraction for electrons in a covalent bond

Answer 15

electronegativity

Question 16

Nonpolar covalent bond, electrons shared ________

Answer 16

equally

Question 17

Polar covalent bond, electrons shared _________

Answer 17

unequally

Question 18

how to find formal charge:

Answer 18

valence - # of electrons actually on atom