Unit 4 Finance And Business Flashcards
Financial crash
سقوط مالی
A financial crash is when a financial system stops working
Economists are studying the causes of the financial crash to prevent similar crises in the future.
Recession
بحران یا رکود اقتصادی
Economic decline
During a bit of a recession, people tend to save more and spend less on luxury items.
Loan
Loan shark
Interest-free loan
An amount of money borrowed for any purpose
همون رباخوار خودمون
someone who lends money at very high rates of interest and will often use threats or violence to get the money back
Interest علاقه هم به معنی سود و بهره
Mortgage
An amount of money borrowed a specifically to buy a property
Regulations
Regulations are the procedures or rules set by any authority or person in charge in order for an organization business to function properly
قوانین و مقررات
Laws
Constitutional law
Laws are install instructions that are put in place by the government and apply to everyone in the country and regulations can be part of them
Constitutional law قانون اساسی
Bankrupt
Bust
Go bankrupt
Go bust
ورشکسته شدن
Bankrupt: without any money and unable to pay your debts – used about a person or business
Bust : informal to become bankrupt and have to stop operating – used about a business
The firm went bankrupt before the building work was completed.
Mr Trent lost his house when he was made bankrupt.
The supermarket isn’t there anymore – it went bust ages ago.
Borrower
Lender
وام گیرنده
وام دهنده
A borrower receives a loan and a lender gives a loan
Savings ( always with s)
Investments
Savings are money that is put into a safe place so that it cannot easily be aspen and may even make some profit in interest .
investments are money that is put into a less safe place such as a shares in a company in the hope that it will make a profit.
Be on the breadline
Be very / extremely poor
The charity supports those on the breadline by providing food and basic necessities.
Live in the lap of luxury
Live an extremely comfortable life because you have a lot of money
We live simply during the year, but enjoy living in the lap of luxury in a nice hotel for our summer holiday
Well off
Well-to-do
Well heeled
Having plenty of money
children from well-off families
Well-to-do : rich and with a high social position
Educational facilities are best in the more well-to-do residential areas.
Well-heeled: informal
a well-heeled businessman
Spend money like water
spent too much often without thinking about it
He spends money like water. I wonder where he gets it all from.
Tighten your belt
spent less than you did before because you have less money
It comes from the idea of having to tighten your belt due to eating less during hard times.
Businesses were tightening their belts and cutting jobs.
“Cutting jobs” means that businesses are reducing their workforce by laying off employees or eliminating positions.
After losing his job, he had to tighten his belt and cut unnecessary expenses.
Make ends meet
از پس مخارج زندگی برآمدن
During the recession, families tightened their belts to make ends meet.
With rising rent prices, it’s becoming harder for many families to make ends meet.
Make a killing
Make an instant killing
Informal
Earn a lot of money very easily in a very short time
He made a killing on the stock market.
The new Internet companies have made an instant killing .
Be a money spinner
Be a real money spinner
Be a successful way of making money
The pet food business is a real money-spinner.
My dog- walking business was quite a money spinner when I was at college .
Pay through the nose
To pay much more for something than it is really worth
Pay a lot of money
We had to pay through the nose to our get or have car repaired, but at least it is working now
Many people end up paying through the nose for their car insurance policies.
rip-off
Informal
something that is unreasonably expensive/ something overpriced or unfairly expensive
It is not worse the money that you paid for it
I can’t believe they charged $10 for a coffee—what a rip-off!
1- Make a fortune
2- earn a fortune
3- lose a fortune
4- cost a fortune
5- spend a fortune
Pay a fortune
Inherite a fortune
A small fortune = significant but less than “a fortune.”
A fortune = a much larger and more impactful amount of money.
Both emphasize expense, but “a fortune” is a stronger expression of high cost.
Cost a small fortune
Spend a small fortune
Make a small fortune
Lose a small fortune
1- acquire a lot of money often through business, investments, or opportunities.
2- acquire a lot of money as income, typically through work, skill, or a profession.
3- lose a lot of money
4- refers to the high price or expense of something.
5- the act of paying a lot of money.
He made a fortune selling his tech company to a global giant.
Top athletes can earn a fortune through sponsorship deals and endorsements.
He lost a fortune gambling in the casino last night.
This watch costs a fortune, but it’s worth it.
She spent a fortune renovating her house.
Pick up the bill/tab (for sth)
informal to pay for something
pay the bill for yourself or others, especially in a social setting like a restaurant, bar, or café. implies generosity or responsibility for covering the expense.
The company agreed to pick up the bill for the business lunch.
He always picks up the bill when we go out with friends.
Profit VS interest
Profit: The financial gain a business or individual makes
Calculated as revenue minus expenses in a business setting.
We’re selling the product at a lower cost, but we’ll still make a small profit.
Interest: Refers to money earned or paid related to loans or savings.
Common in loans, credit cards, and bank accounts.
• “I paid $200 in interest on my car loan this month.”
• “The savings account offers 4% annual interest.”
Interest-free loan
وام بدون بهره
Supplement your income
means to add extra money to your primary source of income, often through additional work, side jobs, or other sources of earnings. It implies earning extra to cover expenses, save more, or improve your financial situation.
She started freelancing on weekends to supplement her income.
Many people supplement their income by renting out spare rooms.
Stretch far enough
This budget does not stretch far enough to buy a car.
Her savings don’t stretch far enough to cover all the medical expenses.
بیشتر در جملات منفی کاربرد داره
My savings stretch far enough to cover the cost of the trip
At a considerable price
Significant cost
به قیمت زیادی با هزینه زیاد
She achieved her success at a considerable price, sacrificing her personal life and health.
Put paid to something
to spoil and end your hopes or plans completely
Wreak /ruin
Not taking 8 in the IELTS test, put paid to my immigration plan .
A car accident put paid to his chances of taking part in the race.
Paying the price for
Paying the price with
Pay the price
• “Paying the price for” focuses on the action or behavior (smoking in this case) that led to the negative outcome.
• “Paying the price with” emphasizes the specific consequence or result (lung cancer) of that action.
John is paying the price for smoking
John is paying the price with lung cancer.
The company is paying the price for not investing in better technology.
If you don’t study now, you’ll pay the price later in the year
Keep afloat
Manage your finance
Source of income
Why you are doing your degree your main source of income may be a student loan or if you are lucky a grant or a scholarship
Grant /
Scholarship
کمک هزینه تحصیلی
بورسیه تحصیلی
Current account
Open a current account at the bank
Debt
Get into debt
Run up debt
Clear your debt
When you owe money to others
Run up debt: Borrow more and more money
If you get into that, try to clear your debts as soon as possible
At that time he was drinking a lot and running up debts.
Economize
British economise
Word family (noun) economics economist economy (adjective) economic economical ≠ uneconomic(al) economy (verb) economize (adverb) economically ≠ uneconomically
Cut down / tighten your belt
Higher taxes encourage people to economize on fuel.
Luxurious
Cutting down on luxurious
Unnecessary expenses
Credit-card debt
Make a payment
If you have a credit-card debt, try to make a payment every month however small
Agreed credit limit
Stay within your credit limit/budget
حد اعتبار توافق شده
Never exceed your agreed credit limit
Outstanding debt
Noticeable
بدهی سنگین
always seek advice from your bank about how to clear your outstanding debts and pay back loans
Overdraft
Run up an overdraft
An overdraft occurs when you spend more money than is available in your bank account, and the bank temporarily covers the shortfall.
• Banks usually charge interest or fees for using an overdraft, but in this context, they mention that many banks offer interest-free overdrafts specifically for students as a financial support mechanism.
یعنی بیش از موجودی حسابتان برداشت اضافه میکنین و بانک سود اون رو براتون لحاظ میکنه
Credit-card fraud
کلاهبرداری از کارت اعتباری
She became a victim of credit card fraud after her card details were stolen online
To prevent credit card fraud, always use secure websites for online shopping.
Identity theft
One in 10 people is a victim of identity theft and the crime is on the increase
Deposit
Put down a deposit
سپرده بیعانه گرو
A deposit is money that you put into a bank account or give as a payment in advance.
In a bank: Money you save or store in your account.
As a payment: Money you pay upfront to secure something, like a rental or purchase.
Put down a deposit:
It’s an initial payment to reserve something, like a house, car, or product.
We put down a deposit on the apartment to make sure no one else rents it
Default on repayment
Call in loans
Default غفلت قصور
Repayment عمل پرداخت پولی که قرض گرفته شده
failing to pay back money you owe
Call in loans: demands immediate repayment of a loan before its originally agreed repayment period ends.
If borrowers default on repayments banks are obliged to call in loans.
Falsify verb
Falsified
Falsifying
Falsifies
جعل کردن
to change figures, records etc so that they contain false information
He used his employer’s funds and falsified records
Fraudulent claims
He made fraudulent claims for travel expenses.
The company lost millions due to fraudulent claims from fake customers.
Write off debt
Many businesses have to write off debts when customers go bankrupt.
حذف کردن بدهی
Cost-cutting measures
Cost-cutting: Reducing expenses or spending.
Measures: Actions or steps taken.
The company implemented cost-cutting measures, such as reducing employee bonuses and limiting travel expenses.
Frugal person
Opposite of
Extravagant person
Careful with money
Careless with money
Extravagant = spendthrift
Lucrative
Profitable
In my country, several jobs within the sales, marketing , and service industries are quite lucrative .
Financial crimes
1- Fraud
2- embezzlement اختلاس
3- money laundering
4- tax evasion فرار مالیاتی
5- cybercrime ( phishing, ransomware attacks , online scams)
1,2 include
Identity theft
Credit card fraud
Investment scams
