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HOE > Unit 4 Exam > Flashcards

Unit 4 Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Abdominal Cavity

A

Abdominal cavity- is divided into an upper and lower part,
upper contains the stomach, small intestine, most of the large intestine, appendix, liver, gallbladder, pancreas and spleen
lower (pelvic cavity)- contains the urinary bladder, reproductive organs, and the last part of the large intestine (149)

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2
Q

Abduction

A

moving away from the center of the body

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3
Q

Adduction

A

moving towards the center of the body

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4
Q

Adipose tissue

A

Fatty tissue

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5
Q

Afferent nerves

A

pick up senses and changes, the skin is the most responsible

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6
Q

Amphiarthrosis

A

refers to joints that are slightly movable

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7
Q

Amount of blood in a human

A

4-6 gallons

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8
Q

Anatomic position

A

Arms out, palms up

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9
Q

Anatomy

A

Study of structure (Greek word for cut up)

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10
Q

Anterior or ventral

A

Front

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11
Q

Aorta artery

A

carries blood away from the heart, the aorta is the biggest and strongest artery

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12
Q

Aortic valve

A

is located between the left ventricle and the aorta, it closes when the left ventricle is finished contracting, allowing blood to flow into the aorta and preventing blood from flowing back into the left ventricle

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13
Q

Apnea

A

sleep apnea is a condition in which an individual stops breathing whole asleep, causing a measurable decrease in blood oxygen levels

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14
Q

Arteries

A

Vessels that carry blood away from the heart

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15
Q

Arterioles

A

The smallest branch of arteries

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16
Q

Axon

A

nerve cells, carry messages to and from cell, once destroyed they are hard to repair

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17
Q

Basophils

A

part of immune system that helps protect body from infection

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18
Q

Biceps brachii

A

just the biceps of the arm, lie on the upper arm

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19
Q

Biology

A

The study of life and living organisms

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20
Q

Bradycardia

A

a pulse rate under 60 beats per minute

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21
Q

Buccal cavity

A

or mouth, for the teeth and tongue

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22
Q

Capillaries

A

smallest of the blood vessels one cell thick, where diffusion and absorption take place

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23
Q

Cardiac muscle

A

involuntary, myocardiac, found in the heart, forms the walls of the heart and contracts to circulate blood

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24
Q

Cardiac sphincter

A

muscle fibers about the opening of the esophagus into the stomach.

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25
Q

Cataract

A

where the normally transparent lens of the eye becomes cloudy or opaque

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26
Q

Cellular respiration

A

when cells use oxygen and nutrients to produce energy, water, and carbon dioxide

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27
Q

Centrosome

A

located near the center of the cell, their major role is during mitosis, they form spindles during cell division

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28
Q

Cerebellum

A

semicircular canals- contain liquid and hair-like projections, these cells bend and move when sound hits them, helps us maintain balance

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29
Q

Cerebrum

A

largest of the brain parts, responsible for reasoning, thought, memory, speech, judgement, sensation, sight, smell, hearing, and voluntary body movements

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30
Q

Cervix of uterous

A

the narrow bottom section which attaches to the vagina

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31
Q

Chromatin

A

made out of DNA and protein, they form chromosomes, a human cell has 46 chromosomes and 23 pairs, somewhere between 30000 and 45000 genes in a single cell

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32
Q

Cilia

A

made out of DNA and protein, they form chromosomes, a human cell has 46 chromosomes and 23 pairs, somewhere between 30000 and 45000 genes in a single cell

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33
Q

Ciliary body

A

structure in the eye that releases a transparent liquid (called the aqueous humor) within the eye.

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34
Q

Circulatory system

A

consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood, transports oxygen and nutrients to all body cells, transports carbon dioxide and other metabolic materials away from the body cells, gets rid of waste products

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35
Q

Circumduction

A

imaginary circle, uses abduction, adduction, flexion, and extension

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36
Q

Cirrhosis

A

chronic destruction of liver cells accompanied by the formation of fibrous connective and scar tissue

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37
Q

Clothing proteins

A

thrombocytes, little pieces of cells, not a complete cell

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38
Q

Cochlea

A

looks like a snail shell, where hearing transplants and implants are made, carries impulses to the temporal lobe in cerebellum

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39
Q

Color of blood

A

erythrocytes- red blood cells, the color is based on the amount of oxygen in the blood

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40
Q

Conjuctiva

A

pink eye, is a contagious inflammation of the conjunctiva and is usually caused by bacterium or virus

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41
Q

Connective tissue

A

supporting fabric of organs and other body parts, 2 different kinds soft and hard

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42
Q

Contracture

A

a severe tightening of a flexor muscle resulting in bending of a joint

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43
Q

Cornea

A

circular, transparent part of the front of the sclera, allows light rats to enter the eye

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44
Q

Coronal plane

A

There is a front and a back

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45
Q

Coronary artery

A

Supplies blood to the heart

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46
Q

Cranial cavity

A

made out of total bone, no muscle, protects the brain

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47
Q

Deltoid

A

the shoulder, abducts arm, injection site

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48
Q

Dendrite

A

carry impulses toward the cell body

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49
Q

Diaphysis

A

shaft or middle part of the long bone

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50
Q

Diastolic pressure

A

is the constant pressure in the walls of the arteries when the left ventricle of the heart is at rest or between contractions

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51
Q

Diencephalon

A

where the thalamus and the hypothalamus, sends messages to the cerebrum, mainly there for temperature and pain control

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52
Q

Digestive system

A

digests food physically and chemically, transports food, absorbs nutrients, eliminates waste

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53
Q

Distal

A

away from origin, have to have something to relate it to, like the stomach is distal from the brain

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54
Q

Dorsal

A

Back side

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55
Q

Dorsal cavity

A

long, continuous cavity on the back of the body

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56
Q

Dura mater

A

tough mother”, toughest covering for the brain

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57
Q

Dyspnea

A

when elderly have difficult breathing

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58
Q

Efferent nerves

A

“motor nerves”, comes from the brain and tells you to take action

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59
Q

Elasticity

A

a quality in the muscles to be able to rebound back

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60
Q

Embolus

A

foreign substance circulating in the bloodstream,it can be air, blood clot, bacterial clumps, a fat globule, or other similar substances

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61
Q

Endocrine system

A

allows the body to respond and adapt to changes that occur both inside and outside the body

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62
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum

A

network that runs from the nucleus to the plasma membrane, aids in synthesis of proteins, 2 types: rough( has ribosmomes which synthesize proteins) smooth- (no ribosomes, help produce cholesterol or the fat or steroid like cells)

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63
Q

Endosteum

A

lines the medullary cavity, like ceran wrap, shiny

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64
Q

Epididymis

A

tightly coiled tube approximately 20 feet in length and located in the scrotum and above the testes

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65
Q

Epilepsy

A

or seizure syndrome, is a brain disorder associated with abnormal electrical impulses in the neurons of the brain

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66
Q

Epiphysis

A

Ends of Long bones

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67
Q

Epithelial tissue

A

responsible for covering the brain and the spinal cord

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68
Q

Erythrocytes

A

red blood cells, squishy ,not a complete cell, has hemoglobin(does the work of the red blood cells, carries oxygen, 4 molecules per each cell, it is also responsible for the color of the blood, move very slow and sluggish

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69
Q

Excitability/irritability

A

responds to stimulus, allows muscles to respond to changes in the environment

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70
Q

Extensibility

A

Stretch beyond normal length

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71
Q

Extension

A

Opening up the joint, extending the angle

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72
Q

External respirations

A

the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and bloodstream

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73
Q

Fascia

A

tough, sheetlike membrane that covers and protects the tissue (how some muscles attach to other things

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74
Q

Femoral artery

A

Largest artery in the leg

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75
Q

Flexion

A

Decreasing the angle of the joint

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76
Q

Floating ribs

A

ribs 11 and 12, don’t connect to the sternum at all

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77
Q

Frontanels

A

soft spots in little kids, allows the brain to grow, gives flexibility during birthing, aren’t fused together till about age 25

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78
Q

Frontal plane

A

or coronal plane- means we get a front and a back to it

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79
Q

Function of bile

A

usually associated with liver problems, breaks down things in the tummy, digestive juice

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80
Q

Function of thrombocytes

A

blood clotting, little pieces of cells, not a complete cell

81
Q

Funds of the uterus

A

the top section, where the fallopian tubes attach

82
Q

Gastrocnemius

A

The largest, most prominent muscle of the calf of the leg, the action of which extends the foot and bends the knee

83
Q

Gluteus maximus

A

biggest of the 3 butt muscles, in the butt, extends and rotates thigh, injection sight

84
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

a stack of membrane layers located in the cytoplasm, they gift wrap all the secretions made by the cells

85
Q

Hard plate

A

Roof of the mount

86
Q

Hemiplegia

A

paralysis on one side of the body and is caused by a tumor, injury, or CVA

87
Q

Hemaglobin

A

a complex protein composed of the protein molecule called ‘globin’ and the iron compound called ‘heme’

88
Q

Inferior

A

saying something is inferior to something else, your feet are inferior to your brain, under something

89
Q

Insertion

A

sight of the muscle that doesn’t move, it contracts to the organ, like the anchor on a boat

90
Q

Integumentary system

A

name for the skin and its structures, skin, hair, sweat glands and oil glands, protects the body from injury, infection, and dehydration, helps regulate body temp, eliminates waste, and produces vitamin D

91
Q

Internal respirations

A

the exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen between the tissue cells and the bloodstream

92
Q

Involuntary muscle

A

they function without conscious thought or control

93
Q

Iris

A

colored portion of your eye, controls pupil

94
Q

Joints

A

where 2 or more bones join, weakest part of the skeleton

95
Q

Latissimus Dorsi

A

spine around to chest, extends and adducts upper arm

96
Q

Left atrium

A

receives oxygenated blood from the lungs

97
Q

Left ventricle

A

receives blood from the left atrium and pumps blood into the aorta for transport to the body cells

98
Q

Lens

A

crystalline structure suspended behind the pupil of the eye; refract or bends light rays onto the retina

99
Q

Leukocytes

A

White blood cells

100
Q

Ligament

A

fibrous tissue that connects bone to bone

101
Q

Linings of the uterus

A

endometrium

102
Q

Lymphatic system

A

carries some tissue fluid and wastes to blood, assists with fighting infection

103
Q

Lymphocytes

A

a form of small leukocytes with single round nucleus

104
Q

Lysosomes

A

those structures in the cytoplasm of a cell that contain digestive enzymes to digest and destroy old cells, bacteria, and foreign midline

105
Q

Medulla oblogata

A

the lower part of the brain stem; controls vital processes such as respiration and heart beat

106
Q

Medulla cavity

A

central cavity of bone shaft she red and or yellow marrow is stored/long leg bone

107
Q

Meninges

A

membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord

108
Q

Midbrain

A

the portion of the brain that connect the pons and cerebellum, relay center for impulses

109
Q

Midsagittal plate

A

an imaginary line drawn down the midline of the body to divide the body into a right side and a left side

110
Q

Mitochondria

A

those structures in a cell that provide energy and are involved in the metabolism of the cell

111
Q

Mitral valve

A

flap or cusp between the left atrium and left ventricle in the heart

112
Q

Muscle tone

A

state of partial muscle contraction providing a state of readiness to act

113
Q

Myelin

A

a mix of proteins and phospholipids forming a shield around nerve fibers

114
Q

Neurilemma

A

Thin shield around a nerve axon

115
Q

Neuron

A

Nerve cell

116
Q

Neutrophilis

A

readily stained only by neutral dyes

117
Q

Nucleolus

A

the spherical body in the nucleus of a cell that is important in reproduction of the cell

118
Q

Olfactory receptors

A

Pertaining the sense of smell

119
Q

Orbital cavity

A

For the eyes

120
Q

Order of the large intestine

A

cecum (vermiform appendix), colon (ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon) rectum (anal canal

121
Q

Organ of corti

A

structure in the cochlea of the ear; organ of hearing

122
Q

Organelle

A

structures in the cytoplasm of a cell, including the nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, lysosomes, and Golgi apparatus

123
Q

Origin

A

end of area of a muscle that remains stationary when the muscle contracts

124
Q

Ovaries

A

endocrine gland or gonad that produces hormones and the female sex cell or ovum

125
Q

Pancreas

A

gland that is dorsal to the stomach, secretes during an examination

126
Q

Paraplegia

A

paralysis of the lower half of the body

127
Q

Parasympathetic

A

A division of the nervous system

128
Q

Pathophysiology

A

study of how disease occurs and he responses of living organisms to disease processes

129
Q

Pectoralis major

A

thick fan-shaped muscle, at the chest (anterior), flexes and extends humerus

130
Q

Pelvic cavity

A

lower abdominal cavity, contains bladder, reproductive organs, last part of large intestine

131
Q

Perineum

A

region between the vagina and anus in the female and between the scrotum and anus in the male

132
Q

Peripheral pulse sites

A

Carotid (neck), temporal (temples), brachial, axualliary, ulnar (pinky side of wrist) , radial (thumb side of wrist), femoral (groin), popliteal (back of knee), dorsalys pedis (top of foot), posterior tibial pulse (ankle)

133
Q

Pharyngeal tonsils

A

Lymphatic tissue in the throat behind the ulva

134
Q

Phlebitis

A

inflammation of a vein

135
Q

Physiology

A

the study of the processes or functions of living organisms

136
Q

Pia mater

A

weak mother, covering right over the brain

137
Q

Pinocytic vesicle

A

process by which substances are taken into the cell

138
Q

Platelets

A

blood cell required for clotting of the blood

139
Q

Pleura

A

a serious membrane that covers the lungs and lines of the thoracic cavity

140
Q

Pons

A

that portion of the brain stem that connects the medulla oblongata and cerebellum to the upper portions of the brain

141
Q

Posterior

A

Towards the back or behind

142
Q

Proximal

A

closest to the point of attachment or areas or reference

143
Q

Pulmonary valve

A

flap or cusp between the right ventricle of the heart and the pulmonary artery

144
Q

Pupil

A

opening or hole in the center of the iris of the eye; allows light to enter eye

145
Q

Pyloric sphincter

A

a ring of smooth muscle fibers around the opening of the stomach into the duodenum

146
Q

Pyrexia

A

Fever

147
Q

Quadriceps femoris

A

Muscle in the thigh that extends the leg

148
Q

Quadriplegia

A

Paralysis below the neck, arms and legs

149
Q

Rectus abdominus

A

Long flat muscle of the abdominal wall

150
Q

Red marrow

A

soft tissue in the epiphysis of long bones

151
Q

Respiratory system

A

breathes in oxygen and eliminates carbon dioxide

152
Q

Retina

A

the sensory membrane that lines the eye and is the immediate instrument of vision

153
Q

Right atrium

A

receives blood as it returns from the body cells

154
Q

Right ventricle

A

receives blood from the right atrium and pumps blood into the pulmonary artery

155
Q

Risk factors of hypertension

A

family history, race, obesity, stress, smoking, aging, a diet high in saturated fat

156
Q

Rotation

A

movement around the centra axis, a turing on its own axis

157
Q

Rugae

A

a series of ridges produced by folding of the wall of an organ

158
Q

Salivary amylase

A

begins the chemical breakdown of carbohydrates, or starches, into sugars that can be taken in to the body

159
Q

Salivary gland

A

the parotid, sublingual, and submandibular, produce a liquid called

160
Q

Sartorius

A

long, narrow muscle running obliquely across the front of each thigh (from hip bone to the inside of the leg bone)

161
Q

Sclera

A

white or outer coat of the eye

162
Q

Scrotum

A

double pouch containing the testes and epididymis in the male individual

163
Q

Semicircular canal

A

structures of the inner ear that are involved in maintaining Blake and equilibrium

164
Q

Seminal vesicle

A

one of two saclike structures behind the bladder and connectd to the vas deferens in the male individual; secretes thick, viscous fluid for semen

165
Q

Sinuses

A

Cavity or space in a bone

166
Q

Skeletal muscle

A

creates framework of body, protects internal organs, reduces blood cells, acts as levers for muscles

167
Q

Spinal cavity

A

Contains the spinal cord

168
Q

Sternocleidomastoid

A

either of the two muscles of the neck that serve to flex and rotate the head

169
Q

Structure of Fallopian tubes

A

approximately five inches long, lateral ends have finger like projections, has muscle layers, cilia lines it

170
Q

Superior

A

Above, on top of, higher than

171
Q

Sympathetic system

A

allows the boys to respond to emergencies and stress; also, t understand and attempt to solve the problems of another

172
Q

Synarthorsis

A

an immovable joint between bones connected by fibrous tissues

173
Q

Systolic

A

period of work, or conception, of the hear

174
Q

Tachycardia

A

Fast or rapid heartbeat

175
Q

Tendon

A

fibrous connective tissue that connects muscles to bones

176
Q

Testis

A

an organ That produces spermatozoa

177
Q

Thoracic cavity

A

in the chest; contains esophagus, trachea, bronchi, lungs, heart, and large blood vessels

178
Q

Thoracic vertebrae

A

12 in the chest area

179
Q

Thrombocytes

A

If a thrombus or clot forms

180
Q

Tibialis anterior

A

muscle from tibia to the first metatarsal and cuneiform bones

181
Q

Transverse plane

A

imaginary line drawn through the body to separate the body into a top and bottom half

182
Q

Trapezius

A

either of a pair of large triangular muscles extending over the back of the neck and shoulders and moving the head and shoulder blade

183
Q

Triceps brachii

A

the skeletal muscle having three origins that extend the forearm wheat contracts

184
Q

Tricuspid valve

A

flap or cusp between the right atrium and right ventricle in he heart

185
Q

True ribs

A

Seven pairs, attach to the sternum

186
Q

Urinary system

A

filters blood to maintain fluid and electrolyte balance in the body, produces and eliminates urine

187
Q

Varicose veins

A

Swollen veins

188
Q

Vs deferens

A

also called ductus deferens, the tube that carries sperm and semen from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct in the male body

189
Q

Vein

A

blood vessel that carries blood back to the heart

190
Q

Ventral

A

pertaining to the front, or anterior part of the body, in front of

191
Q

Ventral cavity

A

larger than dorsal cavity, separated in two parts by the diaphragm: thoracic and abdominal

192
Q

Ventricle

A

one of two lower chambers of the heart, also a cavity in the brain

193
Q

Venules

A

the smallest type of vein, connects capillaries and veins

194
Q

Vestibules-

A

small space or cavity at the beginning of a canal

195
Q

Villi

A

tiny projections from a surface; in the small intestine, projections that aid in the absorption of nutrients

196
Q

Voluntary muscle

A

Under ones control

197
Q

Ways to take temperature

A

rectal, oral, axillary (armpit), temporal (forearm), tympanic (ear)

198
Q

Yellow marrow

A

soft tissue in the diaphysis of leg bones

HOE (6 decks)

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