Unit 2 Exam Flashcards
7 year old characteristics
primary teeth are lost, eye sight is at its best, they love school
Anorexia nervosa
a psychological disorder in which a person reduces for intake or refuses to eat at all
Arthritis
inflammation of the joints, causes the joints to become stiff, less flexible, and painful
Behavior of older adults
older adults can be active and happy…or not
Bulimia
a psychological disorder in which a person alternately binges
Care of Alzheimer’s
provide safe, secure, and calm environment, follow routine, stay calm, state name and correct if they call you the wrong name
Cataracts
eye condition where the lens become cloudy, or plaque causes blindness
Causes of Alzheimer’s
unknown, but there are theories- genetic, missing enzyme, toxic effect of aluminum, virus, faulty metabolism of glucose
Causes of cognitive impairment
depression, anxiety, suspicious, delusional, paranoia, schizophrenia, mental retardation, dementia, close head injury, trauma to the brain
Causes of suicide among teens
depression, grief over loss or love affair, failure in school, inability to meet expectations, influence of suicidal friends, or lack of self-esteem
Causes of temporary confusion/disorientation
stress, depression, use of alcohol or chemicals, kidney diseases, respiratory disease, liver disease
Changes in cardio vascular system
heart beat becomes less efficient at pushing blood into arteries, cardiac output decreases, blood vessels narrow and less elastic, blood flow to vital organs may decrease, blood pressure may increase or decrease
Characteristics of nonverbal communication
facial expression, body language, gestures, eye contact, touch
Communication barriers
deafness or hearing loss, blindness or impair vision, aphasia or speech impairments, prejudice, attitudes, personality, beliefs, language differences, eye contact, ways of dealing with bad news.
Communication Feedback
a method used to tell if communication was successful
Compensation
something given or received as an equivalent for a loss, service, or debt; defense mechanism involving substitution of one goal for another goal to achieve success
Confidential care
care that is not to be shared or told; to be held in confidence, or kept to ones self
Growth and development
measureable physical changes that occur throughout a person’s life/changes in the intellectual, mental, emotional, social, and functional skill that occurs over time
Abuse
any care that results in physical harm or pain, or mental anguish
Alzheimer’s
progressive, irreversible disease involving memory loss, disorientation of intellectual function, and speech and gait disturbances
Communication
process of transmission; exchange of thoughts and information
Emotional Development
refers to feelings and dealing with love, hate, joy, fear, etc.
Designation of POA of health care surrogate
a document that permits an individual to appoint another person to make any decisions regarding health care if the principal should become unable to make decisions
Developmental Characteristics of adolescence
a document that permits an individual to appoint another person to make any decisions regarding health care if the principal should become unable to make decisions
Developmental Characteristics of adolescence
physical: occurs in spurts, girls done growing, boys still growing, muscle coordination, secondary sex characteristics develop; mental: increase cognitive skills, make big decision; emotional: self-conscience; social: more confident towards end, eating disorders
Developmental characteristics of early childhood
physical: slow, don’t have fine motor skills; mental: verbal growth, don’t have reasoning ability, short attention spans; emotional: everything about them, enthusiastic, temper tantrums, know right from wrong, want independence; social: very social, love extracurricular activities, talk all the time
Developmental characteristics of early adulthood
physical: almost completely done, prime childbearing; mental: career choices, independent, lifestyle, values, relationships; emotional: stable: children, marriage, not stable: jobs, debt; social: move away from social groups, relationship patterns, more open to different careers
Developmental characteristics of infancy
physical: Moro reflex, sucking reflex, grasp reflex, mussel coordination, don’t have close vision; mental: respond to discomfort, start to be aware of what’s going on around them, speech starts; emotional: have a fear of separation; social: it’s all about them, don’t know there are other babies around.
Developmental characteristics of late adult hood
physical: wrinkles, gray hair, shorter; mental: dependent on how active they are; emotional/social: lost loved ones, retirement
Developmental characteristics of late childhood
physical: slows way down, fine motor skills, eyes are the best they will ever be; mental: life is all about school, good memory; emotional: focused on pleasing friends and adults, sexual identity; social: separation of boys and girls, girls want to impress the boys, boys don’t care about girls
Developmental characteristics of middle adulthood
physical: gray hair, sagging skin, weight gain, bad eye sight; mental: increase their education, critical thinking; emotional: job stable, finances stable, no longer have children at home; social: stable relationships
Diagnoses of Alzheimer’s
sometimes people think its depression first, take tests about memory, spelling things backwards,
Diseases
any condition that interferes with the normal function of the body
Displacement
transferring feelings about one person to another to someone else. Usually occurs because individuals cannot direct the feelings toward the person who is responsible
DNR
Department of natural resources
Domestic violence
violence within the house, have to be in the same living quarters
Dysphasia
Difficulty in swallowing
Dysuria
Difficultly with painful urination
Factors influencing communication
perceptions, values, social/cultural, knowledge base
Factors interfering with communication
Communication barrier
Forms of dementia
Alzheimer’s and cognitive impairment t
Glaucoma
Eye disease characterized by increased intraocular pressure
Grasp reflex
An infants hand clamp down when something is put in their hand
Hoarding
Keep stuff and hide it so no one knows where it is, they will take anything
Hospices care (function/purpose)
function- provides care for the terminally ill/purpose- lets them die with dignity
Incontinence
unable to voluntarily control urination or defecation
Independence/dependence
you don’t need someone else to help you/you depend on others for care
Levels of communication
interpersonal- self talk, interpersonal- between people, public- in front of others
Living will
documents that allow individuals to state what measures should or shouldn’t be taken to prolong life when their conditions are terminal
Loneliness among elderly-
death of a spouse, retirement, cause the elderly ti be lonely, many get involved with church groups and other organizations to keep busy
Memory changes in elderly
short term memory is usually the first to decline, Alzheimer’s disease leads to irreversible loss of memory(Arteriosclerosis- hardening of the arteries which can limit the amount of blood to the brain, can decrease mental ability)
Moro reflex
When an infant hears something they jump
Need for safety and security
Are essential for emotional and social growth in kids
Needs of humans
psychological, safety, love and affection, esteem, self actualization- all need to be met or theyre major consequences
Nonverbal behavior
85% of all communication, smiling, hand gestures
Ombudsman
specially trained individual who acts as an advocate for others to improve care or conditions
Osteromyelitis
bone inflammation usually caused by a pathogenic organism
Osteoporosis
metabolic disorder caused by a hormone deficiency, softening of bones
Pacing
To keep walking back and forth
Patient advocate
The person who talks to the health care worker for the patient
Patients rights
Rights to control, choices, privacy, possessions
Pillaging
Going looking for things
Projection
defense mechanism in which an individual places the blame for his or her actions on someone else or circumstances
Psychological care of dying
60% of time is spent with family, respect the patients wishes, be a good listener
Psychological barriers of communication
Perceptions, environments
Puberty
secretion of sex hormones which lead to periods and semen
Rationalization
defense mechanism involving the use of a reasonable or acceptable excuse as an explanation for behavior
Reality orientation
activities to help promote awareness of time, place, and person
Retirement
Quit working, can lead to low self esteem and depression
Right to die
when patient with a terminal illness that cant be cured denies measures that would promote life
Rooting reflex
When you rub a babies cheek and they open their mouths and turn their heads towards you
Self-actualization
Achieving ones full potential
Sexual needs
sex needs don’t cease when you’re old, long term facilities are beginning to let marries couples stay in the same room for sex
Sexuality needs
include a person’s feelings and attitudes not just the sex, a person needs to fulfill their need for love and affection
Signs of abuse
chemical abuse, drop of grades, fights, withdraw from activities and friends
Signs of suicide
giving away prized possessions, change in behavior and sleep patters, use of drugs and alcohol
Social Development of a 2 year old
needs are still met by parents, play with other children, fear of separation from parents
Social skills of children-
can communicate to a certain point but not fully mentally developed which causes problems
Socialization
a continuing process where by an individual acquires a personal identity and learns the norms, values, behavior, and social skills appropriate to his or her socail position
Stages of dying
denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance
Sucking reflex-
Triggered by something touching the babies lips
Sundowing
Symptoms get worse in the evening or when the sun goes down
Suppression
an individual is aware of the unacceptable feeling or thoughts and refuses to deal with them
Thrombus
Blood clot
Trust vs. mistrust
Make patients trust you
Vascular degeneration
when the vascular system begins to fail
Perceptions
How we see things
Basic needs
Food, cloths, protection, oxygen,
Mental develment
Development of the mind
Withdraw
People cease to communicate, remove themselves physically from situation
