1st semester Final multiple choice Flashcards
Abdominal cavity
is separated into regions or sections because its so large RUQ, LUQ, RLQ, LLQ- quadrants its always the patients right and the patients left
Abduction
moving away from the center of the body
Adduction
moving towards the center of the body
Abuse
any care that results in physical harm, pain, or mental anguish
Acculturation
the process of learning the beliefs and behaviors of a dominant culture assuming some of the characteristics, does occur
Adipose tissue
fatty tissue or a type of soft connective tissue
Adult ration for CPR
30:2
Afferent nerves
sensory nerves that carry messages from the body to the brain and spinal cord
Amino acid are made of….
Proteins
Amylase
an enzyme that catalyses the breakdown of starch into sugar
Anatomy
study of form and structure ( Greek word “cut up”)
Anemia
inadequate number of red blood cells, hemoglobin, or both. Difficult breathing, fatigue, and rapid heart rate
Aneurysm
ballooning out of or saclike formation on an artery wall. Usually in cerebral, aorta, and abdominal arteries. Can cause death and repair usually requires surgery
Antibiotics are used to treat what kind of infection
Bacterial
Antisepsis
antisepticsrevent or inhibit growth of pathogenic organisms but are not effective against spores or viruses. Can usually be used on the skin
Assault and battery
Assault- physical or verbal attack on another person; treatment or care given to a person without obtaining proper consent
Battery
unlawfully touching another person without proper consent
Bartholin’s glands
also called vestibular glands, are two small glands located one on each side of the vaginal opening, they secrete mucus for lubrication during intercourse
Basic needs for life
psychological, safety, love and affection, esteem, self actualization- all need to be met or theyre major consequences
Bias
is a preference that inhibits impartial judgement, ex. people who believe their religion is better than anyone else’s because they like it better
Biology
the study of living organisms, divided into many special fields
Blood views in relationship to culture
Jehova’s witness and Christian Scientist area gainst blood transfusions
Body mechanics
the way in which the body moves and maintains balance; proper body mechanics involves the most efficient use of all body parts
Biracial pulse sites
upper inside of the arm between the shoulder and the elbow
Bulbourethral glands
there are 2 of them, they release the semen into the urethra in guys, located between the prostate
Cardiac sphincter
a sphincter between the esophagus and the stomach, opening at the approach of food that can then be swept into the stomach by rhythmic peristaltic waves.
Carotid pulse site
on the side of the neck under your jaw bone
Centrosome
located near the center of the cell, their major role is during mitosis, they form spindles during cell division
Cervical vertebrae
back of the neck, protects the spinal cord, C1-C7
Chambers of the heart and blood levels
the 2 upper chambers are called atriums, they are the receiving chambers
the right chamber receives blood from …..
the inferrer and superior vena cava blood vessels, 70% oxygen and 30% CO2
the left chamber receives blood from….
lungs which enters the atrium by the pulmonary veins, 100% oxygen
the lower chambers are called…
the ventricles, the pumping chamber, the right ventricle receives blood from the right atrium and vice versa
Characteristics of culture
defined as calues, beliefs, attitudes, languages, symbols, rituals, behaviors, and customs unique to a particular group of people and passed from generation to generation- culture is learned, culture is shared, culture is social in nature, culture is dynamic and constantly changing
Characteristics of resume
record of information about an individual, makes you appear qualified as an employee, computer printed, organized, correct spelling and punctuation– personal identification, employment objective job desired or career, educational backround, work or employment experience, skills, other activities, references
Chemical disinfection
process that destroys or kills pathogenic organisms, not always effective against spores or viruses, mainly used on objects not people, bleach is a common disinfectant
Chromatin
located in the nucleus and made out of DNA and protein, during cell reproduction they form rodlike structures called chromosomes
Chronic dementia
when there is permanent, irrevirsible dmage to brain cells
Circulatory system
carries oxygen and nutrients to body cells; carries waste products away from cells; helps produce cells to fight infection
Common cold
Virus
Communication skills
the sender, message, and reciever are 3 key elements to communication– the messege needs to be clear, the reciever must need to be ablt to hear and recieve the message, interruptions and distractions must be avoided, 85% of all communication is nonverbal
Compensation
something given or received as an equivalent for a loss, service, or debt; defense mechanism involving substitution of one goal for another goal to achieve success
Computerized tomography
CT scanner, introduced in 1972, first computer-based body and brain scanner, noninvasive, computerized X-ray allows physicians to see the bone and body tissues and any abnormalities they might have
Conjunctiva
The mucous membrane that covers the front of the eye and lines the inside of the eyelids, when it gets inflammed conjunctivitis (pink eye) occurs
Connective tissue
supporting fabric of organs and other body parts– soft is adipose or fatty tissue which stores fat as a food reserve or source of energy, hard- includes cartilage or bone which acts as a shock absorber
Cornea
circular transpartent part of the front of the sclera, allows light rays to enter the eye
Coronal plane
or the frontal plane, means we get a front and a back with it
Cowper’s gland
same as the bulbourethral glands
Cva
Stroke
Cytoplasm
very similar to the plasma of the blood, 90% water, proteins, carbohydrates, and fats– semi fluid inside the cell but outside the nucleus
Defamation
when false statements either cause a person to be ridiculed or damage the persons reputation
Edema
when false statements either cause a person to be ridiculed or damage the persons reputation
afebrile
Being free of a fever
Arteries
carry blood away from the heart, aorta is the biggest
Body temperature
the balance between heat lost and heat produced by the body
Brady cardia
pulse rate under 60 beats per minute
Capillaries
connect arterioles with venules, they have thin walls which are one cell thick
Cyanosis
blueish discoloration of the skin caused by not enough oxygen
Dehydration
when there is an insufficient amount of tissue fluid
Diaphoresis
excessive perspiration, wet clammy skin
Dyspnea
difficult breathing in the elderly
Homeostasis
a state of equilibrium or constant state of natural balance in the internal environment of the body
Hydration
the process of combining with water
Hyperthermia
when the body exceeds 104 degrees measured rectally
Hypothermia
when the body temperature is below 95 degrees
pyrexia
Another term of fever
Tachycardia
pulse rate over 100 beats per minute, except in children
Veins
blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart
Vertigo
a sensation of whirling and loss of balance, associated particularly with looking down from a great height, or caused by disease…
Vital signs
various determinations that provide information about the basic body conditions of the patient
Wellness
state of being in optimum health with a balanced relationship between physical, mental, and social health
Delirium
term used when confusion or disorientation is a temporary condition
Dendrite
nerve fibers which carry impulses toward the cell body
Diaphysis
shaft or middle part of the long bone
Digestive system
digests food physically and chemically,transports food, absorbs nutrients, eliminates waste
Displacement
transferring feelings about one person to someone else, defense mechanism
Divisions of autonomic nervous system
sympathetic and parasympathetic
Dorsal or posterior-
The back side
Dura mater
thick, tough outer layer of the spinal cord
Efferent nerves
motor nerves that carry ,essayed from the brain and spinal cord to the muscles and glands
Embolus
foreign substance circulating in the bloodstream
Empathy skills
being able to identify with and understand another person’s feelings, situations, and motives
Endometrium
inner layer of the uterus, provides for implantation of a fertilized ovum and aids in the development of the fetus.
Eosinophils
remove toxins and defend the body from allergic reactions by producing antihistamines
Epidemiologist
identify and track diseases as they occur in groups of people
Epiphysis
Ends of the long bone
Epithelial tissue
covers the surface of the body, main tissue in the skin
Ergonomics are what
applied science used to promote safety and well being of a person by adapting the environment and using techniques to prevdt injury
Esophagus
muscular tube dorsal or behind the trachea, recieves from the pharynx and carries to the stomach
Essential things for fire
air fuel, oxygen, heat
Ethnicity
classification of people based on national origin and culture
Ethnocentricity
believing your ethnic group is better than others
Eustachian tube
connects the middle ear to the pharynx or throat, allows air to enter and helps equalize air pressure on both sides of the tympanic membrane
Examples of questions you may ask at interview
what hours? Pay? Flexible?
Examples of subjective observation
the patient looks pale, something that can’t be measured
Extended family
grandparents, uncle and aunts
Extension
opening up the joint, increasing the angle
False imprisonment
restraining an individual or restricting an individuals freedom, applying restraints without a need
Fascia
tough sheetlike membrane that covers and protects the tissues, a way of muscles attaching
Femoral pulse sites
by the groin, the crease where the leg attaches
Fimbriae
ends of the Fallopian tubes, finger like projections, they help move the ovum which is released by the ovary into the Fallopian tubes
Steps taken during a fire
r: rescue anyone in immediate danger, a: activate the fire alarm, c: contain the fire, e: extinguish the fire and evaluate the area
Flexion
decreasing the angle of the joint
Foramina
decreasing the angle of the joint
Forms of dementia
Alzheimer’s, acute dementia, chronic dementia
Frontal plane
coronal, divides the body into a front and back section
Function of bile
from the liver, breaks down food
Function of cerebellum
section below the back of the cerebrum, muscle responsible for coordination, balance, posture, and muscle tone
Function of cerebrum
largest and highest section of the brain, responsible for reasoning, thought, memory, judgement, speech, sensation, sight, smell, hearing, and voluntary body movement
Function of ejaculatory duct
carry sperm and fluids through the prostate into the urethra
Functions of epididymis
stores sperm while they mature and become mobile
Function of medulla oblongata
connects the spinal cord and regulates heartbeat, respiration, swallowing, coughing, and blood pressure
Function of midbrain
conducts impulses between brain parts and die certain eye and auditory reflexes
Functions of pons
conducts messages to other parts of the brain and assists in chewing, tasting, and saliva production
Function of seminal vesicles
they contain glandular lining which produces thick, yellow fluid rich I’m sugar and other substances that provides nourishment for the sperm
Function of vas deferens
recieves the sperm fluid from the epididymis
Functions leukocytes
Fight infections
Function of large intestine
absorbs water and any remaining nutrients, stores indigestible materials, transports waste into the anal canal, synthesis and absorbtion of some B-complex vitamins and vitamin K
Functions of paragraphs within cover letter
obtain and interview, you want to Slavs a good impression
Functions of parasympathetic-
part one of the autonomic system, slows down heart rate, decreases respiration, lowers blood pressure and increases activity in the digestive tract after and emergency situation
Functions of sympathetic
part two of the autonomic system, increases heart rate, respiration, and blood pressure in the time of an emergency
Functions of thrombocytes
also called platelets, clots blood which stops the bleeding
Fungi
plantlike organism that live in dead organic matter, yeast and molds are the most common, anti fungal medications are available
Gastrocnemius
The largest, most prominent muscle of the calf of the leg, the action of which extends the foot and bends the knee
Gerontologist
someone who studies the aging process and th problems of the old
Golgi apparatus
stack of membrane layers located in the cytoplasm, stores, produces, and packages secretions for anything that leaves the cell
Groups of tissue
1) nerve tissue- control and communicate 2) epithelial tissue- secrete and protects 3) muscle (cardiac) tissue- move and protect 4) connective tissue- support and connect
Guide for restraints
you have to manually put it on the patient, the patient cant get it off easily, it has to restrict their freedom of movement, you have to be able to get it off quickly
What do you chart
before restraint: what do you hope to gain, alternatives, the reason why- behavior, physical and mental abilities, what type of restraint, DONT chart their reaction to getting restrainted
Gynecologist
studies diseases with the female reproductive organs
Having competence means….
means that you are qualified and capable of performing tasks you’re asked to do
Having dependability
when you are reliable
Having responsibility
being willing to be held accountable for your actions
Having self-motivation
having the ability to begin or follow through with a task
Having tact
having the ability to say or do the kindest thing or most fitting in a difficult situation
Health care spread sheet functions
you can enter formulas and the computer can perform specific math functions, process bills, maitain accounts, create budgets, add and show statistics
Heart sounds
diastole- slight rest of the heart between contractions, systole- ventricular contractions
Hemiplegia
loss of consciousness, weakness, or paralysis on one side of the body
Hemoglobin
complex protein composed of the protein molecule called “globin” and the iron compound called “heme”
Hemophilia
inherited disease that prohibits the blood from clotting, more in males than females
Hepatitis
viral inflammation of the liver
Homeostasis
state of equilibrium or constant state of natural balance in the internal environemtn of the body
Internist
specialist in internal medicine
Iris
colored portion of the eye, located behind the cornea on the front of the choroid coat
Joints
areas where 2 or more bones join together
Labia majora
2 large folds of fatty tissue that are covered with hair on their outer surfaces, they inclose and protect the vagina
Labia minora
2 smaller hairless folds of tissue that are located within the labia minora
Laryngopharynx
bottom section of the pharynx
Leukemia
malignant disease of the bone marrow or lymph tissue, results in a high number of immature white blood cells
Libel
WRITTEN incorrect information given out; if SPOKEN it would be slander
Ligaments
connective tissue bands which help hold long bones together at joints
Lipase
an enzyme from the pancreatic juice which completes digestion
Listening skills
paying attention to and making and effort to hear what the other person is saying, effective communication skill
Lumbar vertebrae
lower back, L1- L5
Lymphatic system
carries tissue fluid and wastes to blood, assists with fighting infection
Lymphocytes
a form of small leukocytes with single round nucleus
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
process that uses a computer and magnetic forces, instead of X-rays, to visualize internal organs
Male gonads
Sex gland, testes
Malpractice
providing improper or unprofessional treatment or care that results in injury to another person
Matriarchal family
a family where the mother or oldest women is in charge
Midsagittal Plane
an imaginary line drawn through the center of the body dividing it into a right and left side
Muscle tissue
body tissue composed of fibers that produce movement
Negligence
failure to give care that is normally expected, resulting in injury to another person
Neurologist
someone who specializes in the nervous system
Nonverbal communication
expressions, hand gestures,
Nucleolus
the spherical body in the nucleus of the cell that is important in the reproduction of cells
Nucleus
the structure in a cell that controls the cell activity such as growth, metabolism, and reproduction
Ombudsman
specially trained individual who acts as an advocate for others to improve came or conditions
Orbital cavity
For the eye
Organelle
structure in the cytoplasm of a cell, including the nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, lysosomes, and Golgi apparatus
Paraplegia
paralysis of of the lower half of the body
Pathologist
someone who specializes in the study of the cause of diseases
Pathophysiology
study of how disease occurs and the responses of living organisms to disease process
Patriarchal family
a family in which the father or oldest male is in charge of the family
Pediatrician
someone who specializes in the diseases and disorders of children
Phlebitis
Inflammation of a vein
Physiology
the stufy of the processes or functions of living organisms
Pleura
a serous membrane that covers the lungs and lines the thoracic cavity
Prejudice
strong belief or feelings about a person or subject that is formed without reviewing facts or information
Projection
defense mechanism in which an individual places the blame for his or her actions on someone else or circumstances
Protozoa
microscopic, one celled animals often found in decayed materials and contaminated water
Psychiatrist
one who deals with the branch of medicine dealing with the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of mental illness
Quadriplegia
paralysis below the neck; paralysis of arms and legs
Rationalization
defense mechanism involving the use of a reasonable or acceptable excuse as explanation for behavior
Reality orientation
activities to help promote awareness of time, place, and person
Red marrow
soft tissue in the epiphyses of long bones
Repression
defense mechanism involving the transfer of painful or unacceptable ideas, feelings, or thoughts into the subconscious
Rickettsiae
parasitic microorganisms that live on other living organisms
Sclera
white outer coat of the eye
Sensitivity
ability to recognize and appreciate the personal characteristics of others
Sinuses
cavity or air space in a bone
Slander
spoken comment that causes a person ridicule or contempt or damages the person’s reputation
Spirituality
individualized and personal set of beliefs and practices that evolve and change throughout an individual’s life
Stereotypes
process of assuming that everyone in a particular group is the same
Sterilization
process that results in total destruction of all microorganisms; also, surgical procedure that prevents conception of a child
Suppression
defense mechanism used by an individual who is aware of unacceptable feelings or thoughts but refuses to deal with them
Tendon
fibrous connective tissue that connects muscles to bones
Trachea
windpipe; air tube from the larynx to the bronchi
Transverse plane
imaginary line drawn through the body to separate the body into a top half and a bottom half
Ultrasonography
noninvasive, computerized scanning technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to create pictures of body parts
Varicose vein
distended or swollen veins
Ventral or anterior
pertaining to the front of the body
Viruses
one of a large group of very small microorganisms, many of which cause disease
Voluntary muscles
muscle that you control yourself
Vulva
external female genitalia; includes the labia majora, labia minora, and clitoris
What influences the color of blood
the amount of oxygen in the body determines the color of red
What is a resume?
a summary of persons work history and experience, submitted when applying for job
What is electrocardiogram
graphic tracing of the electrical activity of the heart
What is Hippa
set of federal regulations adopted to protect the confidentiality of patient information and the ability to retain health insurance coverag
What is Medicaid
government program that provides medical care for people who’s incomes are below a certain level
What is Medicare
government program that provides medial dare for elderly and or disabled people
When should you wear goggles
when there is an opportunity for splashing
Withdrawal
define mechanism in which an individual either ceases to communicate or physicals removes self from a situation
Yellow marrow
soft tissue in the diaphyses of long bones
