Unit 4 Exam

Question 1

what are the two compartments in the two-compartment model

Answer 1

fat mass and fat-free mass

Question 2

what is the density of fat tissue

Answer 2

.9 kg/L

Question 3

what is the density of fat-free mass

Answer 3

1.1 kg/L

Question 4

BMI equation

Answer 4

kg/m^2

Question 5

three reference methods of body composition

Answer 5

underwater weighing, DEXA, bodpod

Question 6

traditional gold standard of body compositon

Answer 6

underwater weighing

Question 7

which method is based on the Archimedes principle

Answer 7

underwater weighing

Question 8

which method is based on the fact that fat and fat-free tissue absorb x-rays differently

Answer 8

DEXA

Question 9

which method is based on air displacement

Answer 9

bodpod

Question 10

which reference method provides body compostion values for different regions of the body

Answer 10

DEXA

Question 11

field methods of body compositon

Answer 11

skinfolds and BIA

Question 12

which methof is based on the assumption that the amount of subcutaneous fat is directly proportional to total body fat

Answer 12

skinfolds

Question 13

which method estimates body density based on the speed at which an electrical current travel through the body

Answer 13

BIA

Question 14

how does body compotiosn influence the speed of an electrical current traveling through the body

Answer 14

hydration status

Question 15

which field method of body composiotn is associated with eh treated amount of error

Answer 15

BIA or In-Body

Question 16

what are the risks asociated with severe weight loss in attempt to improve sports performance

Answer 16

dehydration, kidney and cardiovascular dysfunction, eating disorders, menstrual dysfunction, bone mineral loss, death

Question 17

what is a placebo

Answer 17

inactive substance that looks like the real thing

Question 18

placebo effect

Answer 18

expecatations effect physiological responses

Question 19

bicarbionate

Answer 19

increase blood pH and buffering capacity
increase gradient
muscle: increase H+
blood: decrease H+, increase bicarb

Question 20

beta-alanine

Answer 20

increase intracellular buffering, goes directly into the muscle fiber
precursor to carnacine

Question 21

caffeine

Answer 21

faster response time, sympathomimetic (mimics EPI)

increase fat metabolism

Question 22

cherry juice polyphenols

Answer 22

anti-inflammatory and antioxidanct properties

recovery from exercise induced muscle damage

Question 23

creatine

Answer 23

increase muscle PCr content

increase water intake (gain water weight)

Question 24

nitrate

Answer 24

the precursor to nitric oxide (NO: promotes vasodilation)
increase delivery of oxygen and nutrients to active skeletal muscle
aides in the removal of metabolic wastes

Question 25

three criteria used by the world anti-doping code

Answer 25

has the potential to enhance sports performance
has the potential to harm the athlete
violates the spirit of the sport

Question 26

purity

Answer 26

accidental or purposeful contamination

inaccurate labels

Question 27

potency

Answer 27

may contain negligible values of contents

Question 28

stimulants

Answer 28

benefits: boosted metabolism, concentration increase
risks: cardiac issues, death anxiety

Question 29

anabolic steroids

Answer 29

benefits: increase muscle mass and strength, reduce fat mass
risks: decreased HDL, cardiac issues, cancer, personality changes, aggression

Question 30

human growth hormone

Answer 30

benefits: increased protein synthesis, increase bone growth, decrease fat mass
risks: enlarged organs, hypertension, cardiac issues, glucose intolerance

Question 31

diuretics

Answer 31

benefits: weight reduction, dilution of banned substances in urine
risks: impaired thermoregulation, electrolyte imbalance

Question 32

beta-blockers

Answer 32

benefits: enhanced physical steadiness
risks: low BP, fatigue

Question 33

blood doping

Answer 33

benefits: increased blood-oxygen capacity, improved endurance
risks: increased blood viscosity, exposure to bloodborne pathogens