Unit 4 Exam Flashcards
what are the two compartments in the two-compartment model
fat mass and fat-free mass
what is the density of fat tissue
.9 kg/L
what is the density of fat-free mass
1.1 kg/L
BMI equation
kg/m^2
three reference methods of body composition
underwater weighing, DEXA, bodpod
traditional gold standard of body compositon
underwater weighing
which method is based on the Archimedes principle
underwater weighing
which method is based on the fact that fat and fat-free tissue absorb x-rays differently
DEXA
which method is based on air displacement
bodpod
which reference method provides body compostion values for different regions of the body
DEXA
field methods of body compositon
skinfolds and BIA
which methof is based on the assumption that the amount of subcutaneous fat is directly proportional to total body fat
skinfolds
which method estimates body density based on the speed at which an electrical current travel through the body
BIA
how does body compotiosn influence the speed of an electrical current traveling through the body
hydration status
which field method of body composiotn is associated with eh treated amount of error
BIA or In-Body
what are the risks asociated with severe weight loss in attempt to improve sports performance
dehydration, kidney and cardiovascular dysfunction, eating disorders, menstrual dysfunction, bone mineral loss, death
what is a placebo
inactive substance that looks like the real thing
placebo effect
expecatations effect physiological responses
bicarbionate
increase blood pH and buffering capacity
increase gradient
muscle: increase H+
blood: decrease H+, increase bicarb
beta-alanine
increase intracellular buffering, goes directly into the muscle fiber
precursor to carnacine
caffeine
faster response time, sympathomimetic (mimics EPI)
increase fat metabolism
cherry juice polyphenols
anti-inflammatory and antioxidanct properties
recovery from exercise induced muscle damage
creatine
increase muscle PCr content
increase water intake (gain water weight)
nitrate
the precursor to nitric oxide (NO: promotes vasodilation)
increase delivery of oxygen and nutrients to active skeletal muscle
aides in the removal of metabolic wastes
three criteria used by the world anti-doping code
has the potential to enhance sports performance
has the potential to harm the athlete
violates the spirit of the sport
purity
accidental or purposeful contamination
inaccurate labels
potency
may contain negligible values of contents
stimulants
benefits: boosted metabolism, concentration increase
risks: cardiac issues, death anxiety
anabolic steroids
benefits: increase muscle mass and strength, reduce fat mass
risks: decreased HDL, cardiac issues, cancer, personality changes, aggression
human growth hormone
benefits: increased protein synthesis, increase bone growth, decrease fat mass
risks: enlarged organs, hypertension, cardiac issues, glucose intolerance
diuretics
benefits: weight reduction, dilution of banned substances in urine
risks: impaired thermoregulation, electrolyte imbalance
beta-blockers
benefits: enhanced physical steadiness
risks: low BP, fatigue
blood doping
benefits: increased blood-oxygen capacity, improved endurance
risks: increased blood viscosity, exposure to bloodborne pathogens
